Employee/Occupational Health Flashcards
If there is unprotected exposure to TB, when should the TST be administered?
at the time of exposure and 12 weeks post-exposure
Who are chest radiographs performed on?
Those with prior positive TST and who are currently symptomatic
What are the elements of an occupational health program?
- Surveillance
- Education
- Immunization
- Injury prevention and response
Infectious processes can be prevented with what 3 basic principles?
- pre-exposure immunization
- post-expore interventions
- prevention strategies
What are some infection prevention objectives of an occupational health program?
-educate HCP on IPAC principles as it pertains to their responsibilities
-collaborate with the IPAC department in monitoring exposures and outbreaks
-provide personnel for work related illnesses or exposures
-identify work related infection risks and institute preventative measures
-contain costs by preventing infectious diseases that result in absenteeism and disability
who should be vaccinated against polio and what is the schedule?
-lab and other HCP who come in contact with the live virus
-3 doses of 0.5ml subscutaenously.
-First two doses separated by 4 to 8 weeks, and a third dose 6-12 months after the second
Who should receive the Td vaccine and what is the schedule?
-persons without a history or unknown Td history or if it has been more than 10 years since the last dose
-unimmunized: 3 doses of 0.5ml IM at 0,1 to 2,6 months
Booster: 1 dose every 10 years
Who should receive the Tdap vaccine and on what schedule?
-HCP with direct patient contact, health adults 19-64, close contacts (<1 year Td dose)
-0.5ml IM one time dose
Who should receive the varicella vaccine and on what schedule?
-adults nonimmune to varicella
-0.5ml subcutaenously at 0 weeks and 4-8 weeks later
who should receive the Hep A vaccine and on what schedule?
-lab and primate workers
-1ml IM at 0,6 months
Who should receive the hep B vaccine and on what schedule?
-occupational exposure to blood/bodily secretions
-3 doses IM at 0, 1 and 6 to 12 months
Who should receive the MMR vaccine and what is the schedule?
-adults born after 1957 without a history of diagnsoed measles, immunity, or vaccine documentation
-0.5ml SQ at 0, and at least 1 months later
who should receive the rubella vaccine?
unimmunized women of childbearing age and HCP
-anyone born before 1957 without lab evidence of ommunity
MMR individual vaccine are given at what dosage?
0.5ml SQ once
True or false. No work restriction is necessary for HCP with cytomegalovirus infection?
True
What is the work restriction for diptheria and duration?
-exclude from duty until antimicrobial therapy has been completed and two cultures have been obtained 24 hours apart that are negative
What are the work restrictions and duration for enteroviral infections?
restrict from care of infants, neonates, and immunocomprimised patients and their environments until symptoms resolve
What are work restrictions and duration for hepatitis A?
-restrict from patient contact, contact with patients environment, and food handling
-until 7 days after jaundice onset
What are the work restrictions for someone with Hep B?
-no restrictions if they do not perform exposure-prone procedures , SP, refer to state regulation
-if you have acute or chronic hep B e antigenemia, do not perform exposure-prone invasive procedures until counsel from an expert panel has been sought (review procedures they can perform, state regulations)
-duration: until hep B e antigen is negative
What are the work restrictions and duration for hep C?
-no recommendation for restrictions
-restrict until lesions heal
What are work restrictions for herpes simplex?
None
What are work restriction for herpetic whitlow?
restrict from contact and contacts with the patients environment
what are work restrictions for someone with genital herpes?
None
what are work restrictions for someone with orofacial herpes?
evaluate need to restrict from contact with high-risk patients
what are work restricts for someone with acute stage (symptoms) diarrheal disease?
restrict from patient contact, contact with patients environment, food handling until symptoms resolve
what are work restrictions for someone with convalescent stage, salmonella (stays in stool post infection)
restrict from care of high risk patients until symptoms resolve, consult with health authorities on need for obtaining negative stool cultures
what are the work restrictions and duration of someone wtih active measles?
exclude from duty until 7 days after the rash appears
what are the work restrictions postexposure (susceptible personnel) for measles?
-from 5th day after first exposure through 21st day after last exposure and/or 4 days after rash appears
what are work restrictions for someome with meningococcal infection?
exclude from duty until 24 hours after the start of effective therapy
what are the work restrictions for someone with active mumps?
exclude until 9 days after the onset of parotitis
what are the work restrictions for someone post exposure susceptible to mumps?
from 9th day after first exposure through 26th day after last or until 9 days after parotitis onset
What are pediculosis work restrictions?
restrict from patient contact until treated and observed to be free of adult and immature lice
what are active pertussis restrictions?
ecxlude from duty from beginning of catarrhal stage through third week after onset of paroxysms or until 5 days after the start of ab therapy. They do not need to be restricted unless symptoms develop.
do asymptomatic workers exposed to pertussis need to be restricted?
No; prophylaxis is recommended
what are post exposure recommendations for personnel exposed to pertussis who are symptomatic?
exclude until 5 days after the start of effective ab therapy
what are rubella work restrictions (active)?
exclude from duty until 5 days after rash appears
what are rubella work restrictions when exposed and susceptible?
exclude from the 7th day after first exposure through 21st day after last
do persons carrying staph aureus need work restrictions?
no, unless they are epidemiologically linked to transmission of the organism
what are work restrictions for staff with active staph draining skin lesions?
restrict from contact with patients and patients environment or food handling until lesions have resolved
what are work restrictions for group A strep?
restrict from patient care, contact with patients environment, or food handling until 24 hours after treatment started
what are work restrictions for staff with active TB?
exclude until proved non infectious
what are work restrictions for staff with TB PPD converter?
no restriction
what are work restrictions for staff with active varicella?
exclude until all lesions are dried and crustedw
what are work restrictions for staff postexposure and susceptible to varicella?
exclude from the 10day after first exposure through the 21st day after last (28th day if VZIG given)
what are work restrictions for zoster in a localized, healthy person?
cover lesions and restrict from care of a high risk patient until lesions and dry and crusted
what are work restrictions for zoster generalized or localized in an immunosupressed persons?
restrict from patient contact until all lesions dry and crustw
what are work restrictions for zoster postexposure (susceptible personnel)?
restrict from patient contact from the 10th day after first exposure through 21st day from last (28th if VZIG given) or, if infection occurs, until lesions crust
define LTBI
a condition after initial infection with TB. within 2-12 weeks, the immune response limits additional multiplcation of tubercle bacilli and test results for TB become positive. Certain bacilli remain in the body and viable for years. These persons are asymptomatic and not infectious.
What testing can be done for TB
-PPD based TST for LTBI
-in-vitro cytokine based immunoassays
what do TB tests measure?
cell-mediated immune responses to peptides from 2M TB proteins that are not present in BCG vaccines and absent from nonTB mycobacterium
Can tine tests be used to diagnose TB?
NO
Should BCG vaccinated individuals be included in a TB screening program?
Yes unless they have documentation of a previous positive reaction
When should a 2 step TST be performed?
when the initial is negative and there is no documented TST in the last 12 months
Interpretation of the TST depends on what? (hint there are 3 things)
- measured induration in mm
- persons risk of being infected
- risk of progression to active disease if infected
What do you do if a TST is positive?
a chest radiograph
-obtain exposure history (determine if occupational or community-associated)
-report symptoms of active TB
do chest radiographs need to be repeated?
no, unless the person is symptomatic
A baseline TST is considered positive when
> 10mm first or second step
if you are serial testing without known exposure, what would be a positive TST result?
increase of >10mm
if you had a known exposure, what is considered a positive TST?
> 5mm if you had a baseline of 0mm
define workers compensation
a system of insurance that reimburses an employer for damages that must be paid to an employee with injury or exposure during the course of employment
what is a risk assessment and what should it focus on?
tool to determine gaps in the organization. focus on client, patient population, type of facility, services provided, geographical location, endemic diseases
define cutaneous anergy
inability to react to a skin test due to delayed T cell hypersensitivty
is treatment of latent TBI recommended?
yes, unless medically contraindicated
How long are personnel with laryngeal or pulmonary TB excluded from work for?
until responding to anti-TB treatment and until 3 consecutive negative sputum smears have been collected 8-24 hours apart
What are some OSHA requirements?
-respiratory protection program for HCP working in an environment that could require a respirator
-exposure control plan (for BBP)
What worksite procedures should be included in the respiratory protection program?
-fit testing procedures
-medical evaluations
-use, storing, and discarding
-training and use (maintainence, donning and doffing)
-selecting respirators
what is the difference between a qualitative and quantiative fit test
a qualitiative fit test relies on taste and smell to determine proper fit whereas a quantiative fit test measures actual leakage into the mask
OSHA requires HBV vaccination be offered for free within ___ days of employment
10
true or false. OSHA requires a sharps injury log be maintained
true