Emotions Flashcards
Define emotion
Emotion is a change in physiological activity that is accompanied by feelings and behavior (facial)
Emotions generally activate which nervous system?
Sympathetic NS and Parasympathetic - sympathetic during arousal and para after arousal to conserve and restore energy.
Why is emotions considered dual-sequential?
It’s considered dual-sequential because both sympathetic and parasympathetic NS participate.
Explain the yerkes-dodson theory of complex tasks.
How is it related to evolutionary?
For simple tasks, it prepares us from danger and helps us perform better (like running away).
Back when times were more simple, emotions acted as a primitive method to prepare us for action.
For complex tasks, it’s a culvilinear relationship where just moderate levels of arousal is beneficial, but high levels of arousal is not.
Are people more likely to guess negative or positive emotions during experiments?
More likely to id negative emotions.
What’s the difference between yelling at someone “hey there’s a bookcase that’s about to fall on your head in about 2 seconds” vs. looking frightened and panic-stricken?
Our expressions are a quicker way to communicate to our group.
Which nerves contribute to the movement in our face? Be detailed.
> Facial nerve #7 - Controls the superficial muscles attached to skin: Responsible for facial expressions.
Facial nuclei are INDEPENDENT of each other (winking and raising one eyebrow)
> Trigeminal nerve (#5) controls deep facial muscles attached to bone: Jaw and mastication.
Trigeminal nerves are DEPENDENT on each other - can’t open one side of jaw only.
What’s the difference between how to upper third muscles and lower 2/3rds of the muscles in our face are controlled?
Upper 1/3 (above eyes) = Bilateral
Lower 2/3 = Contralateral
Describe the pathways of controlling facial features.
What type of paresis is involved in each?
- Motor pathways - Voluntary expression from the Somatic NS.
- Damage to the motor cortex (descending to muscles) will cause Volitional facial paresis - can’t smile on command. - Subcortical system - goes through basal ganglia, cortex to basal gang, back to cortex, back to muscle.s
- Damage or PD to basal ganglia causes Emotional facial paresis - can smile on command, but can’t express spontaneously.
You say “cheese!” and the person can’t smile-what type of paresis are they suffering from?
Volitional facial paresis
Cece can only smile when told to smile - what type of paresis does she suffer from?
She suffers from Emotional facial paresis.
What are the universal emotions according to Paul Ekman?
Anger Happy Sad Fear Disgust Surprise
If our species is hardwired to express emotions, how do we demonstrate this?
Blind studies
Across all cultures
What is valence?
Valence style means that those who are more positive emotions predominate are optimistic and vice versa for neg. emotion predoms.
How does the set-up of the cranial nerves impact the expression of emotions?
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How are the major pathways that control emotional expressions similar? How are they different?
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What type of evidence is there to say emotional expressions have biological basis?
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How does the environment influence emotion and emotional expression?
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James-Lange
James-Lange’s theory proposes that we are first aware of our physical state THEN we taste the bitterness of adrenaline which makes us afraid
Our physical arousal affects our conscious and subjective experience.
Canon-Bard
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Schacter-Singer.
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How do all the theories of emotion differ?
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What is a somatic marker
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What role does the ANS play?
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What role does the amygdala play in perception and expression of emotion?
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What is “stress”?
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Explain the brain areas involved in processing stressful stimuli and producing a response, particularly the HPA axis.
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What does cortisol do?
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How is the immune system affected by stress?
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What’s the effect of cortisol on the immune system?
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How is pain related to emotions?
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Where does pain become an emotion?
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How does pain influence perception of emotions?
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Infants that are “high” reactors are at greater risk of developing what?
What about “low” reactors?
“high” reactors are more likely to develop depression and anxiety.
“low” reactors are more likely to develop anti-social behaviors.
How does higher and lower levels of amygdala contribute to people in terms of stimuli?
People with depression show higher levels of activity in the amygdala
People with anxiety show higher levels of activity in the amygdala in response to neutral stimuli
Which theory does “Smile, it’ll make you happy!” line up with?
James-lange theory - it is the facial feedback theory.
What are some evidence against James-Lange theory?
It’s difficult to detect emotions when just looking at activation of sympathetic NS - activation of disgust vs. very excited looks the same in activation of sympathetic NS.
