Emotional Intelligence Flashcards
what concepts are there of emotional intelligence
emotional intelligence as the potential and EQ as the achieved skill (similar to crystallised and fluid intelligence)
ability EI model: focus on finding a skill (set) fundamental to EI
integrative model: Ge where different relevant competencies can be combined into a general EI
mixed EI model (Goleman, 1995)
trait EI model: dispositional tendency to behave in certain ways usually measured with self-report (Petrides et al., 2000-)
what is the Ability EI Branch model (Mayor & Salovey, 1997)
perceiving emotions (ability to detect and decipher emotions in faces, pictures, voices and cultural artifacts, in self and others - difficult to be objective) using emotions (ability to harness emotions to facilitate various cognitve activities, capitalise on changing mood to best fit an environment) understanding emotions (ability to comprehend emotion language and appreciate complicated relationships among emotions/ evolution over time, mixed emotions) managing emotions (ability to regulate emotions in self and others, particularly to achieve goals)
what is Goleman’s Mixed EI model?
self-awareness self-management social awareness relationship management (increasing complexity ) note: includes competnecies that are personality types assessed using self and observer report
how has trait EI been defined (Petrides et al., 2000)
well being (optimism, happiness, self-esteem)
sociability (emotional management, assertivenss, social awareness)
emotionality (empathy, emotional perception, emotional expression, relationships)
self-control (emotional regulation, impulsiveness, stress management)
auxillary facets (self-motivation and adaptability)
personality like test
how can we measure EI
abilities: mayor-slovey-caruso-emtional-intelligence-test (MSCEIT)
self-report: Petrides’TEIQue
don’t corelate well (are they measuring different things, is it an issue of self-awareness or more general validity)
what is the MSCEIT
ability test, should improve with age, should correlate with other tests of EI
e. g accurately identify emotions in people and objects, generate an emotion and solve problems with that emotion, understand the causes of emotions, stay open to emotions and blend with thinking
encompasses: fascilitation, understanding, emotion management and relations
scored: originally by consensus, now experts
FA: moderate correlation between tests, can extract a single factor (mayor et al., 2002); three factors plus a general factor (Fan et al., 2010) - may reflect the 4 branch model of EI (mixed evidence)
.25-45 with standard intelligence tests (what else is being measured? is this too high?)
correlates with openness and agreeableness .2 (opposite for self-report measures)
intercorrlations between MSCEIT subtests reflect a common loading on g rather than EI
improves with age (more so for women) - social facotrs; moreover crystallised intelligence may improve performance on cultural artefacts, scenary and vocabulary measures
need for non-emotional controls?
but we recognise there are a number of intelligences, not just g
tests have predictive validity (may reflect g, personality, self-esteem, or how typical you are)
what is the levels of emotional awareness scale (Lane et al., 1990)
20 situations described in 2-4 sentences
how would you/they feel
points:
- thought not feeling
- physiological states - tired
- undifferentiated feelings - bad
- differentiated single feelings - happy
- 2 or more level 3 words
- where self and other can be differentiated
seems to measure detail of answers rather than accuracy (could just instruct people to make these distinctions)
correlates to openness to experience
how has trait EI been criticised
correlates highly with existing measure of personality, especially extraversion and neuroticism (why should this be deemed emotional intelligence) - it is quite likely that people with different personality types will have different emotional and social intelligences - is an ability
significant correlation between EI and life skills (after controlling for personality and ability r=.25)
scores improve with age, particularly for woman (arguement that there is a cultural influence) - crystallised vs fluid
how should accuracy be judged
tests of ability EI rely on consesus
however facial expressions of emotion are not culturally universal
can we read emotions from movements
angry movements tend to be fast / sad movements slower
we perceive speed relative to our own (natural variation in this - not reliable)
but we do accurately interpreate animations emotional states just through their movements and interpersonal interactions (neurotypical people)
How does EI relate to academoc achievement
literature is mixed
not a good predictor (Barchard, 2003)
not a great predictor, but can be once IQ and big 5 controlled for (Reid, 2008)
predicts med studnets practical scores relating to patient satisfaction but not academic scores
related to pro and anti social behaviour such as rule-following, truancy and aggression (can counteract impact of low IQ on attainment)
how does EI relate to success at work
consistent but poor-qualtiy literature
EI and job performance r=.23 (Van Rooy & Viswesvaran, 2004) - lower job stress, higher job satisfaction, stronger job commitment (but IQ and big 5 not controlled for)
MSCEIT EI predicted supervisor-assessed performance and citizenship, more strongly for people with lower IQ (Cote & Miners, 2006)
some incremental validity as a predictor for workplace success over IQ (Joseph et al., 2015)
how does EI relate to health
consisten association with mental health (.3) some reltiaonship with physical health (.22)
lower rates of personality disorder and self-harming (1% increase in EI corresponds to a 1% decrease in amount of healthcare spending on an individual - this is larger for people who are less educated)
true for trait EI but not ability EI –> personality
how does EI relate to social ability
EI at age 5 predicts social skill at age 8 after controlling for verbal ability and some personality traits
emotion regulation and emotion knowledge at 3 predict later kindergarten social competence
MSCEIT Strategic scores predicted number of friendship nominations aver
controlling for IQ and Big 5 (Mestre et. al, 2006).
For men, but not women, MSCEIT scores predicted perceived social
competence (.5, BrackeJ, 2006). - clearly put so much pressure on girls to be socially appropriate they can mask low EI, autism and ADHD
what is the relationship between EI and relationships
positive correlation between relationship satisfaction and EI (r=.3) - direction of causation / replication issues
EI predicts aggression after controlling for personaltiy (higher EI lower aggressive behaviours across genders and cultures) - misperception of behaviour as hostile?
