Emotional Development

Question 1

What are the four theories of attachment?

Answer 1

• Bowlby’s theory of attachment
• Rutter’s theory of attachment
• Schaffer and Emerson’s theory of attachment
• Ainsworth’s types of attachment

Question 2

Bowlby’s Theory Of Attachment

Answer 2

• Infants form one primary attachment to their main caregivers
• Bowlby’s believes they are genetically pre programmed to form an attachment in a critical period of 2.5 years.
• If they don’t form an attachment in this critical period they will struggle to make one in the future and may not even make one at all.
• Maternal deprivation is when there is long term separation from a caregiver when an attachment already exists.
• If maternal deprivation occurs during the critical period Bowlby says children may suffer from affection less psychopathy.

Question 3

Rutter’s Theory Of Attachment

Answer 3

• Rutter contradicts Bowlby: He states privation is far more damaging than maternal privation.
• Privation is where an infant never forms an attachment or have poor quality attchment caused by lack of social or intellectual stimulation. He suggested attachment is a learned behaviour influenced by environment and culture.

Question 4

Schaffer and Emerson’s Stages Of Attachment

Answer 4

• Preattachmant (birth - 3m) : At 6 weeks infants become attracted to humans. This is shown by smoking at peoples faces.
• Indiscriminate attachment (3-7m): Infants become to discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar people and smiling more at known people.
  Discriminate attachment (7-9m): Infants begin to develop specific attachments staying close to particular people and becoming distressed when separated and they avoid unfamiliar people.
• Multiple attachment (9m): Infants form string emotional ties with major caregivers.

Question 5

Ainsworth’s Type Of Attachment

Answer 5

• Secure attachment: children feel safe and confident in relationship due to consistent caregiving.
• Insecure/avoidant: children becomes independent but struggles with emotional closeness due to neglect or unresponsive caregiving.
• Insecure/resistant: children display clinginess and anxiety due to inconsistent caregiving.

Question 6

What is self esteem?

Answer 6

How you value and perceive yourself

Question 7

What is self esteem

Answer 7

Mental picture or personal view an individual has of themselves

Question 8

Positive self-esteem

Answer 8

• easier time in relationships
• resisting peer pressure
• making friends
• handling conflicts

Question 9

Negative self esteem

Answer 9

• passive
• withdrawn
• depressed
• difficulty with dealing with problems
• self critical
• speak negatively about themselves

Question 10

Positive image

Answer 10

• Intelligent
• Talented
• Kind

Question 11

Negative self image

Answer 11

• Selfish
• Ugly
• acne