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Health & Social Care - Unit 1 > Physical Development > Flashcards

Physical Development Flashcards

1
Q

Growth

A

Variable across different parts of the body is an increase in some measured quantity such as height or weight.

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2
Q

Development

A

Complex change following an orderly sequence and is an increase in skills, abilities and capabilities.

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3
Q

Life stages

A

Infancy (0-2): Grow rapidly, reaching half their adult height by 2, run by 2 and walk by 1.
Early childhood (3-8): Grow at a steady pace, continue to develop strength and coordination.
Adolescence (9-18): growth spurts, develop sexual characteristics.
Early adulthood (19-45): young adults reach peak of physical fitness.
Middle adulthood (46-65): ageing process begins with loss of strength and coordination.
Later adulthood (65+): gradual loss of mobility, loss of height of a few cm.

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4
Q

Gross motor skills

A

Large movements using larger muscles e.g. rolling over.

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5
Q

Fine motor skills

A

Smaller movements using smaller muscles which require precise direction e.g. picking up an object.

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6
Q

Milestone

A

An ability achieved by most children by a certain age:
Sitting
Standing
Cruising
Walking

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7
Q

Palmer grasp

A
  • Birth till 5 or 6 months
  • When object is placed in hand the fingers will grasp with a palmer grasp.
  • E.g. holding a rattle
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8
Q

Pincer grasp

A

-Occurs at 9 - 12 months
- Using index and thumb to pick up small objects
-E.g. push buttons

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9
Q

Tripod grasp

A
  • Childs 3rd or 4th year
  • Uses thumb, index and middle finger
  • E.g. pencil skills and fastening buttons
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10
Q

Puberty

A

A period of rapid growth during which young people reach sexual maturity and become biologically able to reproduce and sexual characteristics develop.
- Girls: 11-13 years
- Boys: 13-15 years

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11
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical substances produced in the body and transported into the blood stream that control or regulate body cells or organs e.g. sex hormones.

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12
Q

Primary sexual characteristics

A

Present at birth and develop during puberty

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13
Q

Secondary sexual characteristics

A

Develop during puberty

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14
Q

What are the primary sexual characteristics for females?

A
  • The uterus enlarges and vagina lengthens.
  • The ovaries begin to release eggs
  • The menstrual cycle commences
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15
Q

What are the primary sexual characteristics for males?

A
  • Enlargement of penis and testes
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16
Q

What are the secondary sexual characteristics for females?

A
  • Breasts develop and the areola swells and darkens.
  • Hair grows in armpits and pubic area
  • Body fat causing hips to widen
18
Q

What are the secondary sexual characteristics for males?

A
  • Changes in larynx (Adam’s apples) causing voice to deepen
  • Hair grows in armpits, pubic hair and facial hair
  • Redistribution of muscle tissue and fat
19
Q

What is the female sex hormone and what is it responsible for?

A
  • Oestrogen and progesterone produces by the ovaries
  • Responsible for changes such as ovulation or menstruation.
20
Q

What is the male sex hormone and what is it responsible for?

A
  • Testosterone produced by the testes and stimulates sperm production
  • Responsible for development of secondary sexual characteristics
21
Q

Pregnancy and lactation

A
  • During early pregnancy women experience physical and emotional changes
  • Increase in progesterone which maintains pregnancy
  • Increase in oestrogen which is responsible for sickness
  • Pregnancy can cause mood swings
22
Q

Pregnancy PIES

A

PHYSICAL
-Hormones affect shape and appearance of breasts

INTELLECTUAL
- Forgetfulness
- Stress

EMOTIONAL
- Mood swings
- Stress
- Low self image and self esteem

SOCIAL
- Hospital
- Parenting group

23
Q

Perimenopause

A
  • Woman hits her 40s her ovaries gradually begin to make less oestrogen
  • Ovaries stop producing an egg each month
  • Symptoms:
  • Hot flushes - sudden feelings of warmth often with sweating and redness
  • Night sweats - excessive sweating during sleep
  • Loss of libido - reduced interests in or desire for sexual activity
  • Vaginal dryness - lack of moisture in the vaginal area
24
Q

Perimenopause PIES

A

PHYSICAL
- Hot flushes
- Night sweats
- Not producing an egg each month

INTELLECTUAL
- Confusing
- Lack of concentration

EMOTIONAL
- Low self esteem
- Anxiety
- Depression

SOCIAL
- Hot flushes

25
Q

Middle adulthood: Effects of the ageing process

A
  • Put on weight as they age because they eat the same amount of food as they were younger but they become much less active
  • Loss of skin elasticity (saggy skin and wrinkle due to reduction in collagen
  • Loss of muscle tone and stamina
  • Greying hair
  • Hair thinning or hair loss

Health & Social Care - Unit 1 (5 decks)

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