Social Development

Question 1

What is solo play?

Answer 1

• Between the ages 0 and 2
• Starts in infancy where infants independently play without interacting with others.

Question 2

What is a parallel play?

Answer 2

• Between the ages 2 and 3
• When children play alongside each other without directly interacting.

Question 3

What is cooperative play?

Answer 3

• Between the ages of 3 and 8.
• When children interact, share and work together.

Question 4

What are the positive effects of peer pressure?

Answer 4

• It can encourage good habits such as studying, exercising or trying new activities that promote personal growth.

Question 5

What are the negative effects of peer pressure?

Answer 5

• It can lead to risky behaviours such as substance abuse, poor decision making or low self esteem due to the pressure to conform.

Question 6

How can we resist negative peer pressure?

Answer 6

• Assertiveness: saying ‘no’ firmly and confidently
• Avoidance: find other friends with the same values who will not encourage risky behaviours such
• Talk to a trusted adult

Question 7

Independence: Infancy and childhood

Answer 7

• Dependance: young children rely on parents/carers for care
• Growing independence: by late childhood they begin to assert independent
• Expanding experiences: school, clubs and activities introduce them to the wider world
• Decision making: initially small (food and clothing choices) but develops over time

Question 8

Independence: Peer influence in adolescence

Answer 8

• Identifying exploration: Adolescents question their identity and independence.
• Questioning Values: May challenge family beliefs and adopt peer group norms.
• Peer Influence: Can shape decision-making and behavior.
• Learning Consequences: Real-life experiences teach the impact of good or poor choices.

Question 9

Independence: Starting employment

Answer 9

• Career Decisions: Between 16-18, young people make career choices.
• Transition to Adulthood: Shift from learner to worker.
• Workplace Adaptation: Adjusting to policies, procedures, and responsibilities.
• Financial Independence: Learning to manage money, read payslips, and budget.

Question 10

Independence: Leaving home

Answer 10

• Independence & Adulthood: Leaving home is a key step toward independence.
• Reasons for Staying: Some stay longer due to studying, unemployment, or financial barriers.
• Major Transition: More than a change of address; requires adapting to new responsibilities.
• Challenges: Lower living standards, balancing chores, work, and managing bills.
• New Skills: Budgeting, self-reliance, and household management.

Question 11

Independence: Starting a family

Answer 11

• New Responsibilities: Parenting brings a sense of identity and achievement.
• Major Life Change: Requires lifestyle adjustments and financial planning.
• Sacrifices: Career changes, altered work patterns, and financial impact.
• Parental Responsibility: Family may help, but the ultimate responsibility is on parents.
• Time & Energy Demands: Parenting is challenging and requires commitment.

Question 12

Independence: Middle adulthood

Answer 12

• Fewer Family Responsibilities: More time for hobbies, interests, and socializing.
• Career Peak: Likely to reach the highest point in their career.
• Financial Freedom: More disposable income allows for greater independence.
• Changing Social Networks: More opportunities to travel and form new connections.
• Work & Retirement: Some may work longer due to pension changes.
• Caring Responsibilities: Many support elderly parents or grandchildren, limiting independence

Question 13

Independence: Later adulthood

Answer 13

• Retirement (65-75): Many remain active and socially engaged.
• Leisure Opportunities: Free bus passes, discounted entry to attractions, and more time for hobbies.
• Technology & Social Media: Helps older adults stay connected with family and friends.
• Social Engagement: Staying active benefits overall well-being.
• Challenges: Some disengage from society due to loss o