emotion and the amygdala

Question 1

Theories of emotion

James- lange:

Answer 1

The stimulus causes arousal in the autonomic nervous system, this change causes the conscious feeling of being scared.
- Basically the autonomic and behaviour that are triggered by the event induce the feeling of emotion.

Arousal- Fear

Question 2

Theories of emotion

The Cannon Bard theory

Answer 2

emotional experience and expression are parallel processes and have no direct causal relationship

“i feel afraid and i tremble”

Question 3

Theories of emotion

Schacter

Answer 3

All three things integrate to create emotion: - the perception of emotion stimulus, the activation of the ANS and SNS and the experience of emotion.
Appraisal.

Question 4

Phillip Bard

Sham rage

Answer 4

Cats whose cerebral hemispheres have been removed down to but not including the hypothalamus.

It is not elicited if the hypothalamus is removed too.

• Bard concluded that the hypothalamus is critical in the expression of aggressive responses.
• The function of the cortex is to inhibit and direct these responses.

Question 5

the limbic system

Answer 5

Is a collection of nuclei and tracts that borders the thalamus,

• the amygdala
• the mammillary bodies
• the hippocampus
• the fornix
• the cortex of the cingulate gyrus
• septum
• olfractory bulb
• hypothalamus

Question 6

what is Kluver Bucy syndrome ?

Answer 6

Bilateral lesions of the medial temporal lobes (including the amygdala).
No fear, increased sexual drive but towards inappropriate objects,

• Monkeys who have their anterior temporal lobes removed most of the symptoms appear just from amygdala damage.

Question 7

what can be used to measure emotions

Answer 7

polygraph

Question 8

the facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 8

putting on a happy face does make you feel better.

Question 9

EMG

Answer 9

detects facial movements

genuine smile = Duchenne smile

Question 10

FEAR conditioning

Answer 10

The establishment of fear in a previously neutral stimulus

• little albert
• rats receive a tone and electric shock

Question 11

The medial geniculate nucleus (The relay nucleus of the thalamus)

Answer 11

lesions to this area will block fear conditioning of a tone

lesions to the auditory cortex does not

• the pathway to the amygdala

Question 12

the amygdala

Answer 12

lesions to the amygdala block fear conditioning
the amygdala receives all input from sensory systems and significance is retained
it is a cluster of nuclei

• The perception not the production of fear

Question 13

contextual fear conditioning

Answer 13

the context alone is enough to elicit a fear response

- involves the hippocampus

Question 14

Individual differences

- Differences between people

Answer 14

personalities could cause poeple to respond differently to emotions

Question 15

PAtient SM (Amygdala removed)

Answer 15

cant recognise the emotion of fear when presented with faces .

Question 16

Autism and emotions

Answer 16

could involve the amygdala because they have trouble recognising emotions

Question 17

Psychopaths

Answer 17

could have different amygdala because they have trouble recognising emotions

Question 18

hypothalamus

Answer 18

The expression of fear.
- the cortex inhibits and directs these responses

Sham rage

Question 19

the amgydala

Answer 19

the perception of fear.

Kluver bucy syndrome