Emotion and motivation Flashcards
define emotions
temporary state that includes both a subjective experience and physiological activity
what would be the two axis used to map emotions on a 2d map
- valence
how positive or negative an experience is - arousal
how active or passive an experience is
what is the James-Lange theory of emotion and what are the things we need to wary of
- theory that suggests that emotions are primarily result of our body’s physiological response to external events
- bodily response produces emotional experience in the brain
- stimulus –> physiological state/arousal –> emotional state
When discussing about the theory, we need to consider that:
- people cannot be completely accurate when detecting their bodily responses
- many events cause the same bodily responses as emotional stimuli
what is the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
- challenges james-lange’s theory of emotion by noting that arousal cannot be the sole determinant of emotional experience
- suggests that emotions and physiological responses occur simultaneously, not sequentially
- stimulus –> physiological arousal AND emotional experience
define cognitive appraisal
it’s the process of interpreting and evaluating a situation to determine it’s emotional significance
what is the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
- emotions come from the awareness
- stimulus –> general physiological response and cognitive labelling –> emotion
what is Lazarus’s Cognitive mediational theory
- suggests that our emotional response is determined by cognitive appraisal of that situation
- stimulus –> appraisal –> emotional response
the limbic system includes what parts of the brain
- hypothalamus
- thalamus
- amygdala
- hippocampus
what is the amygdala and why is it important
The amygdala is an extremely fast and sensitive threat detector
In order for cognitive appraisal to happen, the information about a stimulus is first transmitted to the amygdala via two distinct routes:
1. fast pathway
stimulus –> thalamus –> amygdala –> emotional experience
2. slow pathway
stimulus –> thalamus –> cortex (appraisal) –> amygdala –> emotional experience
2. slow
define the word drive and explain the drive reduction theory
- an internal state that signals a physiological need
- the drive-reduction theory suggests that organisms are motivated to reduce their drives
what do we mean when we say the function of emotion is two-fold and explain the hedonic principle
- the function of emotion is two-fold
1. provide us with info about the world
2. tell us what to do with this info - the hedonic principle suggests that people are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain
what happens when we’re hungry
- ghrelin is produced by stomach when it’s empty, triggers eating
- leptin is produce by fat, reduces eating
pyramid of maslow?
- physiological needs
- safety needs
- need for belonging and love
- esteem needs
- need for self-actualization
what is the difference between an intrinsic motivation and an extrinsic one
- intrinsic: refers to taking actions that are themselves rewarding for an individual
- extrinsic: refers to taking action that lead to a reward
according to banduras, what is self-efficacy
- self-efficacy refers to an individual’s belief in their own capability to complete a task
