Emotion and motivation Flashcards
define emotions
temporary state that includes both a subjective experience and physiological activity
what would be the two axis used to map emotions on a 2d map
- valence
how positive or negative an experience is - arousal
how active or passive an experience is
what is the James-Lange theory of emotion and what are the things we need to wary of
- theory that suggests that emotions are primarily result of our body’s physiological response to external events
- bodily response produces emotional experience in the brain
- stimulus –> physiological state/arousal –> emotional state
When discussing about the theory, we need to consider that:
- people cannot be completely accurate when detecting their bodily responses
- many events cause the same bodily responses as emotional stimuli
what is the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
- challenges james-lange’s theory of emotion by noting that arousal cannot be the sole determinant of emotional experience
- suggests that emotions and physiological responses occur simultaneously, not sequentially
- stimulus –> physiological arousal AND emotional experience
define cognitive appraisal
it’s the process of interpreting and evaluating a situation to determine it’s emotional significance
what is the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
- emotions come from the awareness
- stimulus –> general physiological response and cognitive labelling –> emotion
what is Lazarus’s Cognitive mediational theory
- suggests that our emotional response is determined by cognitive appraisal of that situation
- stimulus –> appraisal –> emotional response
the limbic system includes what parts of the brain
- hypothalamus
- thalamus
- amygdala
- hippocampus
what is the amygdala and why is it important
The amygdala is an extremely fast and sensitive threat detector
In order for cognitive appraisal to happen, the information about a stimulus is first transmitted to the amygdala via two distinct routes:
1. fast pathway
stimulus –> thalamus –> amygdala –> emotional experience
2. slow pathway
stimulus –> thalamus –> cortex (appraisal) –> amygdala –> emotional experience
2. slow
define the word drive and explain the drive reduction theory
- an internal state that signals a physiological need
- the drive-reduction theory suggests that organisms are motivated to reduce their drives
what do we mean when we say the function of emotion is two-fold and explain the hedonic principle
- the function of emotion is two-fold
1. provide us with info about the world
2. tell us what to do with this info - the hedonic principle suggests that people are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain
what happens when we’re hungry
- ghrelin is produced by stomach when it’s empty, triggers eating
- leptin is produce by fat, reduces eating
pyramid of maslow?
- physiological needs
- safety needs
- need for belonging and love
- esteem needs
- need for self-actualization
what is the difference between an intrinsic motivation and an extrinsic one
- intrinsic: refers to taking actions that are themselves rewarding for an individual
- extrinsic: refers to taking action that lead to a reward
according to banduras, what is self-efficacy
- self-efficacy refers to an individual’s belief in their own capability to complete a task
what are the four strategies for building self-efficacy
- provide mastery experience, the better you get at something, the better your self-efficacy
- vicarious learning, seeing other people also succeed at the task
- constructive feedback and encouragement, ability praise/fixed mindset vs effort praise/growth mindset
- coping skills
who is Alfred Kinsey and how did his research affect the understanding of human sexuality
- he was the first person to study sex on a large scale
- his research emphasized diversity and fluidity in human sexuality
1. proposed that sexual orientation exists on a continuum
2. demonstrated the commonality of marital and extramarital sex
3. demonstrated that women experience sexual pleasure and are as interested as men
what are the steps in the sexual response cycle
- excitement
- plateau
- orgasm
- resolution
