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Psychology > Emotion and motivation > Flashcards

Emotion and motivation Flashcards

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1
Q

define emotions

A

temporary state that includes both a subjective experience and physiological activity

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2
Q

what would be the two axis used to map emotions on a 2d map

A
  1. valence
    how positive or negative an experience is
  2. arousal
    how active or passive an experience is
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3
Q

what is the James-Lange theory of emotion and what are the things we need to wary of

A
  • theory that suggests that emotions are primarily result of our body’s physiological response to external events
  • bodily response produces emotional experience in the brain
  • stimulus –> physiological state/arousal –> emotional state

When discussing about the theory, we need to consider that:
- people cannot be completely accurate when detecting their bodily responses
- many events cause the same bodily responses as emotional stimuli

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4
Q

what is the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion

A
  • challenges james-lange’s theory of emotion by noting that arousal cannot be the sole determinant of emotional experience
  • suggests that emotions and physiological responses occur simultaneously, not sequentially
  • stimulus –> physiological arousal AND emotional experience
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5
Q

define cognitive appraisal

A

it’s the process of interpreting and evaluating a situation to determine it’s emotional significance

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6
Q

what is the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory

A
  • emotions come from the awareness
  • stimulus –> general physiological response and cognitive labelling –> emotion
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7
Q

what is Lazarus’s Cognitive mediational theory

A
  • suggests that our emotional response is determined by cognitive appraisal of that situation
  • stimulus –> appraisal –> emotional response
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8
Q

the limbic system includes what parts of the brain

A
  • hypothalamus
  • thalamus
  • amygdala
  • hippocampus
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9
Q

what is the amygdala and why is it important

A

The amygdala is an extremely fast and sensitive threat detector

In order for cognitive appraisal to happen, the information about a stimulus is first transmitted to the amygdala via two distinct routes:
1. fast pathway
stimulus –> thalamus –> amygdala –> emotional experience
2. slow pathway
stimulus –> thalamus –> cortex (appraisal) –> amygdala –> emotional experience
2. slow

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10
Q

define the word drive and explain the drive reduction theory

A
  • an internal state that signals a physiological need
  • the drive-reduction theory suggests that organisms are motivated to reduce their drives
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11
Q

what do we mean when we say the function of emotion is two-fold and explain the hedonic principle

A
  • the function of emotion is two-fold
    1. provide us with info about the world
    2. tell us what to do with this info
  • the hedonic principle suggests that people are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain
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12
Q

what happens when we’re hungry

A
  • ghrelin is produced by stomach when it’s empty, triggers eating
  • leptin is produce by fat, reduces eating
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13
Q

pyramid of maslow?

A
  1. physiological needs
  2. safety needs
  3. need for belonging and love
  4. esteem needs
  5. need for self-actualization
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14
Q

what is the difference between an intrinsic motivation and an extrinsic one

A
  • intrinsic: refers to taking actions that are themselves rewarding for an individual
  • extrinsic: refers to taking action that lead to a reward
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15
Q

according to banduras, what is self-efficacy

A
  • self-efficacy refers to an individual’s belief in their own capability to complete a task
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16
Q

what are the four strategies for building self-efficacy

A
  1. provide mastery experience, the better you get at something, the better your self-efficacy
  2. vicarious learning, seeing other people also succeed at the task
  3. constructive feedback and encouragement, ability praise/fixed mindset vs effort praise/growth mindset
  4. coping skills
17
Q

who is Alfred Kinsey and how did his research affect the understanding of human sexuality

A
  • he was the first person to study sex on a large scale
  • his research emphasized diversity and fluidity in human sexuality
    1. proposed that sexual orientation exists on a continuum
    2. demonstrated the commonality of marital and extramarital sex
    3. demonstrated that women experience sexual pleasure and are as interested as men
18
Q

what are the steps in the sexual response cycle

A
  1. excitement
  2. plateau
  3. orgasm
  4. resolution

Psychology (8 decks)

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