Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

G.I. pharmacology > Emetics an anti-emetics > Flashcards

Emetics an anti-emetics Flashcards

1
Q

Which neurotransmitters are responsible for controlling vomiting

A
  1. Acetylcholine
  2. histamine
  3. 5- hydroxy tryptamine (Serotonin)
  4. dopamine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the contraindications of using emetics

A
  1. Unconscious patient- risk of aspiration
  2. corrosive and caustic poisoning further damage to esophageal lining
  3. poisoning do to CNS stimulants - risk of seizures
  4. kerosine poisoning aspiration may occur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Classify anti-emetics

A
  1. 5HT3 receptor antagonist
  2. prokinetic agents
  3. anti-histamines
  4. anti-cholinergics
  5. neuroleptics
  6. neurokinin NK1 Receptor antagonist
  7. cannabinoids
  8. adjuvant antiemetics
    a) glucocorticoids
    b) benzodiazepines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name 5HT3 receptor antagonist

A
  1. Ondansetron
  2. Granisteton
  3. Dolasteron
  4. Palonosetron
  5. Ramosetron
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name pro kinetic agents used as anti emetics 

A
  1. Metoclopramide
  2. domperidone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name antihistamines used as anti-emetics

A
  1. Dimenhydrinate
  2. diphenhydramine
  3. cyclizine
  4. meclizine
  5. hydroxyzine
  6. promethazine
  7. doxylamine
  8. cinnarizine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name anticholinergic drugs used as an anti-emetics

A
  1. Scopolamine
  2. dicyclomine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name neuroleptics used as anti-emetics

A
  1. Chlorpromazine
  2. fluphenazine
  3. prochlorperazine
  4. haloperidol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name neurokinins Used as an anti-emetics

A
  1. aprepitant
  2. Fosaprepatent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name a cannabinoid used as an anti-emetic

A
  1. Dronabinol
  2. Nabilone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name glucocorticoids and benzodiazepines used as an anti-emetics

A

Glucocorticoids
1. BetaMethasone
2. dexamethasone
3. Methylprednisolone
Benzodiazepines
1. lorazepam
2. alprazolam
3. Diazepam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of 5-HT3 receptor antagonist

A
  1. Blocks Vagal afferents in the gut
  2. Blocks impulses to chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and STN in the solitary tract nucleus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the uses of 5HT3 antagonist

A
  1. Prevention and treatment of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting
  2. effective in hyper emesis of pregnancy, postoperative and post radiation vomiting, drug induced vomiting
  3. Ramosteron can be used in irritable bowel syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the adverse effects of 5HT3 Antagonist

A
  1. Headache
  2. dizziness
  3. diarrhoea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the adverse effects of anti-cholinergics

A
  1. Sedation
  2. dryness of mouth
  3. blurred vision
  4. urinary retention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the adverse effects of prokinetic drugs

A
  1. Drowsiness, dizziness, diarrhoea
  2. acute dystonia‘s
  3. other extrapyramidal symptoms dryness of mouth
  4. Gynaecomastia
  5. galactorrhoea
  6. menstrual irregularities
17
Q

What are the adverse effects of cannabinoids

A
  1. Sedation
  2. dysphoria
  3. hallucinations
  4. drug dependence
  5. Central sympathomimetic effects
  6. Disorientation
18
Q

 What are the adverse effects of glucocorticoids used as an anti-emetics

A

Metabolic disturbances

19
Q

Name a D2 receptor antagonist that is used as an anti-emetic

A

Metoclopramide

20
Q

What is the mechanism of action of metoclopramide

A
  1. D2 blockage in CTZ
  2. Enhances the rate of gastric and duodenal emptying
  3. enhances release of acetylcholine from myenteric Neurons
21
Q

What is the effect of metal copper mine in the upper G.I. tract

A
  1. Increase in tone of lower oesophageal Sphincter
  2. increase in tone and amplitude of antral contractions
  3. Relaxation of pyloric sphincter
  4. increase in peristalsis of small intestine
    It does not have any significant effect on motility of colon
22
Q

What are the uses of metoclopramide

A
  1. As an anti-Emetic
  2. Gastro-oesophageal flux disease GERD
  3. Alleviate symptoms associated with gastric stasis in patients with diabetes, post operative or idopathic Gastroparesis
  4. To stimulate gastric emptying during G.I. radiological procedures and also before general anaesthesia and emergency surgeries.
  5. Treatment of intractable hiccoughs
23
Q

What are the drug interactions of metoclopramide

A
  1. With diazepam: accelerate its absorption
  2. with digoxin reduces its absorption
  3. With levodopa: since it is a D2 blocker, it interferes with the anti-Parkinson effects of levodopa
24
Q

Why is domperidone preferred over metoclopramide

A
  1. Domperidone is preferred anti-emetic in children as it rarely produces ESP
  2. In patients using levodopa or bromocriptine, it doesn’t affect the anti-Parkinson’s effect because they poorly cross the blood brain barrier
    
25
Q

Which anti-emetic may cause QT prolongation

A

Mosapride

26
Q

How does mosapride cause prokinetic affect

A

5HT4 Agonism

27
Q

What is the Anti-emetics effect of neuroleptics

A

Blockage of detour receptors in CTZ. They also have anti-cholinergic and antihistaminic actions

28
Q

What is the mechanism of action of neurokinin in receptor antagonist in anti-emetic drug

A
  1.  Block action of substance P in CTZ and NTS
29
Q

Glucocorticoids are commonly used with which drugs in the treatment of anti-cancer drug induced acute and delayed vomiting

A
  1. Metoclopramide
  2. ondansetron

G.I. pharmacology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions