Emerging forces Flashcards
Explain what industrialisation is. How is this linked to urbanisation?
- revolution in way people worked.
- factories replaced homes as place of production, machines replaced manual labour, work became more specialised and production of goods was more efficient and done on large scale
- Linked to urbanisation as there was less job opportunities in countries as machines replaced manual labour and the seasonal changes of available work.
- people seeked employment in cities/towns and goods/services were a lot cheaper in industrialised cities.
List some of the consequences of urbanisation?
- challenge/change to old social, political power
- massive growth trend in number, size and population densities of cities
- increased population densities = sharing of grievances made it easier for workers to take group action to readdress them
In what ways to did capitalism lead to the uprising of Socialist and Marxism doctrines?
it became more attractive to the working/lower classes. Capitalism created wealth for owners, not workers.
Living standards were low for majority of ppl and struggled to attain more than basic needs for survival
What are similarities noted between anarchism and socialism?
they both sought to correct the ills of society that industrialisation brought upon classes. Believed the ruling and middle classes were enemies and desired abolition of private property and redistribution of wealth.
But, socialists were more of a organised movement and did not attempt to assassinate individuals like anarchists.
List some socialist goals and why working class were in favour of this:
- shorten working week and hours to 8 hrs/day = workers worked 7days, 12hrs/day in unhygienic and dangerous conditions
- overthrow political system
- correct ills of society, lead to class war
- abolition of private property and redistribution of wealth
How did the formation of Trade Union allowed workers to express their grievances?
drew in thousands of workers together in cities and towns. Workers realised they could only fight these harsh conditions by joining forces/bonding together.
Objectives Trade Union may have:
- exploitation of thousand of workers who work long hours in miserable conditions and lived in bare, comfortless homes
- abolish ruthless employees and inhuman working conditions
- better/increase of offering protection of worker’s compensation, super annuation and sick leave
What is anarchism?
political theory that all forms of governmental authority is unnecessary and undesirable. Supported society based on voluntary cooperation and free association of indivi. and groups .
No effective organisation was created - but to bring revolution need some form of leadership and organisation
What did anarchists believe?
that if no gov, laws, rights to property, people would be happy and free as god intended. Argued that its was pointless trying to reform social evils because ruling class would never give up rights and privileges.
What did Anarchists believe was the only answer to solve social ills?
Revolution would burst forth by masses from one spark which was assassination.
Believe violence was only answer, using bullet, knife bomb as main weapons (assassination)
terror would correct what they thought to be evil
Who were some key figures assassinated by Anarchists?
Russia - Tsar Alexander II
Austria - Empress Elizabeth
USA- President McKinley
How did anarchism die down?
movement was later violently oppressed.
ppl shifted to socialism and trade union movement
What is syndicalist?
those who believed in use of weapon in decisive action in class war.
What is socialism?
social organisation in which private property and distribution of income are subject to social control.
what was similar and different about socialism and anarchism?
similar: sought to correct ills of society that industrialisation brought upon working class
difference: method differed, more organised movement and didn’t assassinate indiv or bomb throwing tactics.
