emergent and submergent features

Question 1

what are submergent features

Answer 1

when sea levels rise and flood areas not previously underwater

Question 2

examples of submergent features

Answer 2

rias
fjords
dalmation coast

Question 3

what is ria

Answer 3

drowned river valley

Question 4

ria characteristics

Answer 4

dendritic drainage pattern

wide deep mouth
narrower and shallower inland

U shape sides

submergent

Question 5

ria formation

Answer 5

1) rivers erode to sea level
2) fall in sea level due to more ice locked up on land (eustatic)
3) so river erodes more vertically in lower course deepening river bed
4) when sea level rises again it floods the river causing ria

Question 6

ria example

Answer 6

kingsbury estuary - Devon

6 miles long

main channel 1 mile wide at salcome

Question 7

what is a fjord

Answer 7

drowned glacial valley

Question 8

fjord characteristics

Answer 8

• steep U shaped valley
• relatively straight and narrow
• shallow mouth due to the ‘threshold’ formed by deposition glacial material
• deep further inland

Question 9

fjord formation

Answer 9

1) Need pre existing v shaped river valley where the river flowing from mountains to sea.

2) ice age occurs, so ice forms at top mountain and moves down the river valley due to continuous formation at top.

3)As ice mass grows it moves down the river valley.​
This erodes the river valley creating a U shaped valley.

4) Process continues and gets wider
ice melts leaving U shaped valley

Question 10

fjord example

Answer 10

sogne - norway

204km long

Question 11

what is dalmation coast

Answer 11

series of long and narrow islands which run parallel to the coast​

Question 12

dalmation coast characteristics

Answer 12

concordant coastline produced by folds parallel to the coast

long and narrow islands which run parallel to the coast​

islands separated by narrow sea channels called sounds​

Question 13

dalmation coast formation

Answer 13

1) Tectonic forces from the collision of African and Eurasian plates compressed Limestone 50 million years ago

2) creating folded ridges and down folded valleys parallel to the coast. ​

3) The Sea levels rose after the last glacial period which meant that the sea overtopped the up folded ridges and the sea flooded the down folded valleys (Eustatic change)​

4) This produces lines of narrow islands parallel to the coast. ​separated by narrow sea channels parallel to the coast (sounds)​

​

Question 14

dalmation coast facts

Answer 14

croatia
adriatic sea
70 islands and 500 islets​
520km from NW to SE​
main rock = limestone

Question 15

what are emergent features

Answer 15

landforms created either by a fall in sea level or uplift of the land resulting in the sea level being at a lower level relative to the land than before

Question 16

examples of emergent features

Answer 16

raised beach
marine platform

Question 17

what is a raised beach

Answer 17

former wave cut platforms and their beaches raised above sea level

Question 18

characteristics raised beach

Answer 18

raised above high tide level
relic caves and cliffs
can be vegetated

Question 19

raised beach formation

Answer 19

1) relatively flat surface which has been lifted out of reach of the water

2) This can occur due to a fall in sea level​
or
tectonic uplifts, resulting in defined terracing​

3) As glaciers melted, the land recovers from the weight of the ice and begins to rise.
depending on amount and when it melted results in several raised beaches forming

Emergent feature + isostatic​

Question 20

raised beach example

Answer 20

isle of arran - scotland

raised beach 5m above sea level
has 3 different terraces

Question 21

what is marine platform

Answer 21

relatively flat surface of marine origin lifted out of water

Question 22

characteristic marine platform

Answer 22

steeper ascending slope on one side and a steeper descending slope on the other side
relatively flat

Question 23

marine platform formation

Answer 23

1) due to the uplift of the land and eustatic natural rise and fall of sea level​

2) When shoreline updrift occurs, a wave-cut platform will become elevated above sea-level
1they will dry and become marine terraces, thus becoming land.

Question 24

marine platform example

Answer 24

Taranaki Region, New Zealand

oldest terraces reach 20km inland

formed over 700,000 years from land uplift and sea level fluctuations ​