Emergency Medicine Flashcards
What is 1st line management for patients presenting with alcohol withdrawal seizures?
Benzodiazepines (lorazepam)
How might someone in alcohol withdrawal present?
- 6-12 hours after last drink
- sweating
- tremors
- hyperthermia
- agitation
What is Delerium Tremens?
Typically around 72 hours after last drink.
Altered mental status, autonomic hyperactivity, hallucinations, and can cause seizures.
How might Opiate withdrawal present?
Diarrhoea, mydriasis, muscle aches, yawning, runny nose, insomnia, tachycardia, HeTN, piloerection (goosebumps).
How do you treat CO poisoning?
100% O2 via face mask, pt may need ITU admission.
Adenosine is CI in asthmatics, what would you them instead in the context of SVT?
Verapamil.
What pathologies can cause a stroke mimic?
- Hypoglycaemia,
- B12 deficiency
- Infection
What is the management for a confirmed ischaemic stroke?
1) Can they be thrombolysed/can you use thrombectomy?
2) if not (such as being outside treatment window), give dual antiplatelet therapy (300 mg of aspirin and 300 mg clopidogruel)
INR over what number is an absolute CI to thrombolysis?
> 1.7
What head injury is associated with a lucid interval?
Extra-dural haemorrhage.
A pt presenting with vomiting, confusion, and generalised abdominal pain, on a background of metastatic cancer is likely what?
Hypercalaemia.
What are the causes of post-op pyrexia?
5 Ws:
- Wind (pnuemonia/atelectasis)
- water (uti)
- wound (infection)
- Wonder drugs (anaesthetics)
- walking (DVT)
What are the stages of hypovolaemic shock?
Stage 1-4: categorised by volume blood loss -
<15%, 15-30%, 30-40%, >40%
What is the Parkland Formula for fluid replacement over 24 hours after burns?
4 x %BSA (rule of 9s) x weight (kgs)
What type of stroke is caused by cerebral amyloid angiopathy?
Haemorrhagic
