Dermatology Flashcards
What is Erythroderma?
What is it caused by?
How is it managed?
Inflammatory skin condition covering >90% of the body’s surface.
Eczema, psoriasis, lymphoma, medications, etc.
Admit to hospital as this is an emergency: fluids, manage body temp, check for infection, may use bland topicals/emollients.
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is caused by what underlying mechanism?
Group II staph release toxins which target specific molecules in the body. These are excreted renally and so there is higher risk in those with kidney disease.
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome management?
Antibiotics and supportive care.
What is TEN?
Toxic epidermal necrolysis - full thickness epidermal loss most commonly caused by drugs.
Eczema Herpeticum is caused by what?
H.simplex infection of eczema.
Red, scaly, well demarcated, symmetrical patches on the elbows, knees, sacrum, and scalp is what?
Psoriasis
Which medications are associated with worsening psoriasis?
NSAIDS, ACEIs, lithium carbonate, anti-malarial, bet-blockers.
What can happen to the nails in someone with psoriasis?
Pitting
What is Auspitz Sign?
Scratching scales away shows prominent bleeding points.
Indicates vascularity of psoriasis.
Which comorbidities are associated with psoriasis?
Iritis, uveitis, IBD, nail psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, metabolic syndromes, and psychosocial disability.
How is psoriasis managed?
1st line: Topical corticosteroids, vitamin D or vit D analogies (calcipotriol).
2nd line: dithranol/tar therapy.
3rd line: systemic therapy (methotrexate) and biologics (infliximab).
Management of atopic dermatitis?
1st Line: emollients, topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, antiseptics
2nd Line: antibiotics, systemic prednisolone, phototherapy
3rd Line: methotrexate, azathioprine
A wheel-like rash causing intense itching and angioedema is what?
Urticaria
Painful, reddish, erythematous rash occurring most commonly on the anterior shins, associated with IBD is what?
Erythema nodosum - inflammation of subcutaneous fat.
What is the difference between pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid?
PV: blistering of skin (blisters are flaccid) in, most common in middle aged adults.
BP: blistering of skin (blisters are tense so burst easily), most common in the elderly.
What is the difference between lichen planus and lichen sclerosis?
LP: pruritic purple papules and plaques found around hair, skin, mouth, and genitals.
LS: itchy, painful white sclerotic patches usually in the genitals.
What is scleroderma?
Autoimmune condition affecting connective tissue, causing hardening and thickening of skin.
Facial redness and telangiectasia worsened by exposure to the sun, most commonly found in elderly is what?
Acne Rosacea.
How is acne rosacea managed?
Topical ivermectin (CI in pregnant or breastfeeding women), topical metronidazole, of azelaic acid 15%.
What is Erythema multiforme?
Target lesions (dark centre surrounded with a pale ring and an outer erythematous ring).
Caused by IgM complexes which become deposited within the skin.
What most commonly causes erythema multiforme? What are other triggers?
1) HSV
Others) mycoplasma, fungal infections, NSAIDs, statins, anti-seizure medications, certain abx, and vaccines.
Pink/red, non-purpuric rash with raised sharper edges and diffuse centre giving a ring like appearance, associated with rheumatic fever is what?
Erythema marginatum
A patient with a ‘plucked chicken’ appearance and angioid streaks on retinal exam is likely what?
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum - autosomal dominant condition causing mineralisation and calcification of elastin fibres throughout the body.
Pyoderma gangrenosum may present with what? What other autoimmune diseases is it associated with?
Ulcerating, intense, dermal infiltration with purulent look (but sterile).
Associated with IBD and RA.