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Y1 Drugs + bugs > Emergency cardio > Flashcards

Emergency cardio Flashcards

1
Q

level the IVC passes through the diaphragm

A

T8

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2
Q

level the oesophagus passes through the diaphragm

A

T10

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3
Q

level the aorta passes through the diaphragm

A

T12

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4
Q

structures passes through the diaphragm along with the IVC

A

phrenic nerve

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5
Q

structure passes through the diaphragm along with the oesophagus

A

vagus nerve

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6
Q

structure passes through the diaphragm along with the aorta

A

thoracic duct

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7
Q

genetic condition is associated with Freidreichs ataxia

A

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

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8
Q

U waves

A

hypokalemia

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9
Q

Low blood pH
raised PaCO2

A

resp acidosis

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10
Q

high pH
low PaCO2

A

resp alkalosis

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11
Q

increases functional residual capacity

A

upright position
emphysema
asthma

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12
Q

decreased functional residual capacity

A

PF
obesity
laparscopic surgery
abdo swelling
muscle relaxant

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13
Q

changes in leads LLI, aVL, V5, V6

A

left circumflex

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14
Q

changes in leads V1-V3

A

posterior descending artery

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15
Q

inferior stemi

A

right coronary

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16
Q

coagulative necrosis
neutrophils
wavy fibres
hypercontraction

A

0-24 hours post MI

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17
Q

extensive coagulative necrosis
neutrophils (fibrous peri)

A

1-3 days

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18
Q

marcophages + granulation tissue at margins
risk of free wall rupture

A

3-14 days post MI

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19
Q

dresser syndrome

A

2-6 weeks post MI pericarditis

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20
Q

Abesent A waves

A

AFIB
means atria not contracting well

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21
Q

prominent A waves

A

resistence to RA filling
pulmonary hypertension

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22
Q

Kussmauls sign?

A

JVP rising on inspiration

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23
Q

what conditions are seen with kussmauls sign?

A

constrictive pericarditis
restrictive cardiomyopathy

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24
Q

prominent V wave

A

tricuspid regurg

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25
Q

cannon A wave

A

complete heart block
ventricular tachy

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26
Q

Bahcets syndrome

A

pericarditis + genital/oral ulcers

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27
Q

digoxin toxicity on ECG

A

down sloping ST segments
patient might have had previous AFIB

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28
Q

first line treatment for haemodynamically stable VT?

A

amiodarone

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29
Q

treatments given for all patients following an MI

A

dual-antiplatelet therapy (Asp + tic)
BB
ACEi - max tolerated dose

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30
Q

ORBIT score?

A

risk of AFIB patients of bleeding on anticoagulation

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31
Q

what can mobitz type II heart failure progress to?

A

complete heart block

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32
Q

potential risk of cardiac catheterization?

A

embolic stroke

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33
Q

clinical marker of MI re-enfarct?

A

creatine Kinase - MB (CK-MB)

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34
Q

cause of perivalvular/aortic abscess

A

infective endocarditis

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35
Q

how does perivalvular aortic abscess present on ECG?

A

PR prolongation
poor amplitude of waves

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36
Q

what can worsen affects/enhance digoxin activity causing digoxin toxicity?

A

hypokalemia - loop diuretic

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37
Q

hyperkalemia on ECG

A

tall tented T waves
small/absent P waves
broad bizarre QRS

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38
Q

hypokalemia on ECG

A

ST segment depression
short PR

39
Q

complications of VSD

A

AFIB
infective endocarditis
aortic regurg
eisenmengers

40
Q

VSD murmur

A

pan systolic

41
Q

calcification of aortic valve triad

A

breathlessness
chest pain
syncope

42
Q

Abx causing torsade do pointes

A

macrolides

43
Q

pulsatile hepatomegaly?

A

tricuspid regurg
due to back flow of blood

44
Q

artery supplying AV node

A

righty coronary

45
Q

noradrenaline binds in heart

A

B1 adrenoreceptor
increases depolarisation

46
Q

ask patient to breathe out

A

mitral stenosis

47
Q

common iliacs fuse with IVC

A

L5

48
Q

electrolyte abnormality causing prolongued QT

A

hypocalcemia

49
Q

normal JVP

A

less than 3cm vertical above sternal angle

50
Q

gold standard for intra-cranial vascular disease

A

cerebral angiography

51
Q

first line Ix for a stable aortic dissection

A

CT scan of chest/abdo

52
Q

first line ix for unstable aortic dissection

A

echo - done at bedside

53
Q

evidence of haemodynamic instability?

A

Bp below 90

54
Q

water bottle shaped enlarged cardiac silhouette

A

pericarditis

55
Q

ABCDEF for heart failure

A

alveolar oedema
Kelley B lines
cardiomegaly
blood diversion
pleural effusion
fluid in horizontal fissure

56
Q

JVP waveform for hypothermia?

A

U wave
Osborne wave

57
Q

treat malignant hypertension

A

IV labetalol

58
Q

atrial myxomas found most in which atria?

A

left

59
Q

wide pulse pressure

A

aortic regurg

60
Q

is hypertension a modifiable factor?

A

apparently

61
Q

cause of gynaecomastia?

A

digoxin

62
Q

when do coronary arteries receive most of their own blood supply

A

diastole

63
Q

if SVT cause syncope or chest pain what is first line?

A

DCCV

64
Q

survival benefits in patients with heart failure

A

BB

65
Q

acute NSTEMI meds

A

aspirin + clopidogrel (dual anti)
GTN
ticegralor/fondaparinux

66
Q

which meds do you not give for a patient having a STEMI with a GI bleed risk?

A

ticegralor
fondaparinux

67
Q

first line for haemodynamically stable Atrial flutter

A

verapamil

68
Q

contraindicated for peptic ulcer disease

A

warfarin

69
Q

diffuse st elevation
saddle shape
high Troponin

A

myocarditis

70
Q

if patient remains symptomatic for HFrEF despite ACEi, BB, aspirin?

A

spironolactone > ivabradine > digoxin

71
Q

arrhythmia med causing short QT

A

digoxin

72
Q

when is hydralazine used

A

afro-carribean patient unable to tolerate Spironolactone

73
Q

bounding pulse

A

acute CO2 retention
sepsis

74
Q

test done for patient with subacute infective endocsrditis and abdo pain?

A

CT angiography
emboli from vegetation

75
Q

adenosine contraindicated with

A

asthma

76
Q

prostaglandin I2

A

pulmonary vasodilator

77
Q

ECG leads with no deviation

A

I pos
II pos
III pos

78
Q

left axis deviation

A

limb lead I - positive
limb lead II - negative

79
Q

right axis deviation

A

limb lead I - negative
limb lead II - positive

80
Q

how does the PDA close

A

baby takes first breath
increases pulmonary flow
causes clearance of prostaglandins

81
Q

which embryonic structure acts as the anchor for the aortic arch

A

ligamentum arteriosum

82
Q

what structure becomes the ascending aorta/pulmonary trunk

A

truncus arteriosus

83
Q

what is the bulbus cords responsible for

A

ventricle

84
Q

what does the common cardiac vein become

A

SVC

85
Q

how would S4 heart sound present on ECG?

A

P wave
as this is where atria have to harshly contract

86
Q

what does an increase conducting velocity across the AVN result in

A

decreases PR interval

87
Q

malar flush?

A

mitral stenosis

88
Q

tapping apex beat?

A

mitral stenosis

89
Q

biggest cause of mitral stenosis?

A

rheumatic fever -> rheumatic heart disease

90
Q

s1 sound?

A

interventricular valves vlosing ie mitral and tricuspid

91
Q

during which heart sounds does systole occur?

A

between s1 and s2

92
Q

opening snap following s2?

A

mitral stenosis
pressure builds in LA causing valve to snap open

93
Q

1st line Ix for valve disease?

A

echocardiogram

94
Q
A

Y1 Drugs + bugs (8 decks)

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