Cardiac drugs Flashcards
1
Q
Ticagralor
A
anti-platlet
2
Q
Aspirin
A
anti-platelet
3
Q
clopidogrel
A
anti-platelet
4
Q
amiodarone
A
anti-arrhythmic
5
Q
lisinopril
A
ACEi
6
Q
Perindopril
A
ACEi
7
Q
Ramipril
A
ACEi
8
Q
losartan
A
angiotensin receptor blocker
9
Q
atenolol
A
cardio selective
BB
10
Q
bisoprolol
A
cardio selective BB
11
Q
propanolol
A
non selective BB
12
Q
satalol
A
non selective BB
13
Q
carvedilol
A
non selective BB
14
Q
amlodipine
A
dihydropyradine Ca2+ blocker
15
Q
nifedipine
A
dihydropyradine Ca2+ blocker
16
Q
verapamil
A
rate limiting Ca2+ blocker
17
Q
diltiazem
A
rate limiting Ca2+ blocker
18
Q
bendroflumethiazide
A
thiazide diuretic
19
Q
furosemide
A
loop diuretic
20
Q
bumetanide
A
loop diuretic
21
Q
indapamide
A
loop diuretic
22
Q
cardiac glycoside
A
digoxin
23
Q
HCN channel blocker
A
ivabradine
24
Q
K channel activate
A
nicorandil
25
Nitrates
GTN
isosorbide mononitrate
26
flecanide
Na channel blocker
27
lidocaine
Na channel blocker
28
atorvastatin
statin
29
simvastasin
statin
30
aspirin mechanism
Cox 1 inhibitor
reduce production of thromboxane 2
31
clopidogrel / tecagralor mechanism
p2y12 antagonist
prevents ADP binding
no platelet aggregation
32
amiodarone mechanism
blocks K channels
prolongation of action potential
33
BB mechanism
antagonise sympathetic nervous system
blocks B adrenoreceptor
34
Ca2+ channel antagonists
block L type calcium channel
no entry of Ca into cells
reduce smooth muscle contraction
35
peripheral vasodilation?
dihydropyradine Ca2+ channel blocker
36
bendroflumethiazide mechanism
promote water loss
block Na/Cl co-transporter
37
loop diuretics mechanism
promote water loss by blocking Na/K/Cl transport
38
location of action for loop diuretic
thick ascending loop of henle
39
location of action for thiazide diuretic
distal tubules of the nephrons
40
spironolactone
K sparing diuretic
41
spironolactone mechanism
promote water loss
aldosterone receptor antagonist
42
Digoxin mechanism
increase contractility of Na/K pump
results increased intracellular Ca
43
digoxin reduces heart rate?
increases vagal stimulation
reduce AV conduction
44
ivabradine mechanism
HCN channel blocker
slows output from SA node
reduce HR
45
Nicorandil mechanism
K channel opener
causes hyperpolarization
relaxation of smooth muscle in arterioles
46
Nitrate mechanism
venous dilation
reduce preload - therefore BP
improve coronary flow
47
flecanide / lidocaine mechanism
reduces Na influx
prolonges action potential
48
statins mechanism
inhibits HMG-CoA reductase
reduces hepatic cholesterol synthesis
49
anti-platelet drug side effects
bleeding
50
amiodarone side effects
bradycardia
lung fibrosis
thyroid dysfunction
phototoxicity
tremor
peripheral neuropathy
visual disturbance
51
ACEi side effects
dry cough
1st dose hypotension
renal impairment
hyperkalemia
proteinuria
angiodema
52
teratogenic drugs
ACEi
ARBs
Warfarin
53
BB side effects
lethargy
dizziness
headache
erectile dysfunction
cold peripheries
54
Ca2+ channel blocker side effects
flushes
headache
peripheral oedema
reduce LV function
gingival hypertrophy
55
gingival hypertrophy drug cause
Ca2+ channel blocker
56
Thiazide diuretic side effect
Erectile dysfunction
gout
GI upset
electrolyte imbalance
57
electrolyte imbalances due to thiazide
increase Ca / blood glucose
decrease K, Na, Mg
58
loop diuretic side effects
gout
ototoxicity - tinnitus
bone marrow suppression
59
what electrolyte imbalances occur due to loop diuretics?
decreased K, Na, Mg, Ca
60
spironolactone side effects
hyperkalemia
renal dysfunction
erectile dysfunction
gynaecomastia
61
digoxin side effects
arrhythmia
bradycardia
fatigue
nausea/vomiting
blurred / yellow vision
headache/dizziness
62
ivabradine side effect
arrythmia
63
nicorandil side effect
anal ulceration
64
nitrates side effects
headache
dizziness
postural hypotension
65
statins side effects
myalgia
rhabdomyolysis
abdominal pain
66
what test has to be done before statins?
LFT (liver function test)
67
when should anti-platelets (aspirin) be stopped?
7 days before surgery
68
when should anti-platelets be used with caution?
history of GI bleed
69
what can occur to platelets due to taking antiplatelets?
abnormal platelet shape
70
when is amiodarone used?
last line
due to side effects
71
when does the effects of amiodarone stop after use?
weeks/months (possible)
long half-life
72
why are ACEi used in heart failure?
prelong life
prevent cardiac remodelling
73
ACEi contraindications
pregnancy
hyperkalemia
renal failure
bilateral renal artery stenosis
74
BB contraindications
heart block
asthma
COPD
75
starting dose for BB after MI?
low
benefit, may worsen heart failure at first
76
how is reflex tachycardia prevented when patient is on dihydropyradines?
give BB
77
which Ca2+ Channel blocker type cannot be given with BB?
rate-limiting
VERAPAKILL
78
when is spironolactone used in heart failure?
instead of loop when patient has hypokalaemia
79
what can spironolactone not be used with?
ACEi
80
when is digoxin used?
AFIB
81
when can digoxin be used in heart failure
if patient is in S.R.
82
why does digoxin toxicity occur?
narrow therapeutic window
83
how is digoxin toxicity (side-effects) treated
stop dig
treat hyperkalemia
treat arrhythmia
84
what is the pattern for nitrate use
8hrs per 24hr cycle nitrate free
85
bezafibrate
fibrate
86
when is bezafibrate used
statin not well tolerated
87
Dipyramidole mechanism of action
non-specific PDE inihibitor
decrease cell uptake of adenosine
88
glycoprotein 2b3a inhibitor
tirofiban
89
platelet receptor for VWF
glycoprotein 1b
90
activates anti-thrombin III
hparin
91
direct thrombin inhibitor
dabigatran
92
direct factor X inhibitor
rivaroxaban
93
glycoprotein 2b3a inhibitor
abcdiximab
94
which drug decreases warfarin metabolism?
amiodarone (risk of bleeding)
95
When is flecanide / lignocaine used?
control rhythm in arrythima
96
Bumetanide
loop diuretic
97
triamterene
K sparing diuretic
98
eplerenone
K sparing diuretic
99
amiloride
K sparing diuretic
100
side effects of loop
hypokalaemia
101
type of GI drugs that can affect the absorption of ACEi
antacids
102
what does warfarin cause a prolongation of?
prothrombin time (factor II)
103
where do thiazides work?
proximal part of distal convoluted tubules
104
2 drugs when used in combo cause severe hyponatraemia
PPI + thiazide
105
drug that causes severe hyperkalaemia in patients already on an ACEi
trimethoprim
106
bilvarudin
reversible direct thrombin inhibitor
used in PCI
107
where does spironolactone act on the kidneys (k sparing diuretics)
distal convoluted tubule
108
positive inotrope drug
digoxin
increases intracellular calcium
109
positive inotrope drug
digoxin
increases intracellular calcium
110
class Ia anti-arrythmic drug mechanism
block Na channels
increases AP duration
111
class Ib anti-arryhtmic drug mechanism
block Na channels
decreases AP duration
112
class Ic anti-arrythmic drug mechanism
block Na channel
no affect on AP
113
class II anti-arrythmic drugs
BB
114
class III anti-arrythmic drug mechanism
block K channels
115
Class IV anti-arrhythmic drug mechanism
rate limiting Ca channel blocker
116
lidocaine class
Ib anti-arrythmic
117
flecanide class
Ic anti-arrythmic drug
118
amiodarone class
III
119
Hypertensive med causing reflex tachi
dihydropyradine Ca2+
causes peripheral neuropathuy
results in reflex tachy
120
pharmacology of GTN
activates granulate cyclase
GTP -> cGMP
smooth muscle relaxation
121
nitrates mechanism of action
cause a decrease in intracellualr calcium
results in smooth muscle relaxation
122
