EMERGENCE OF BANIYAS AND QAWASIM AND THE BEGINNING OF COLONIAL PERIOD Flashcards
who were the europeans inspired by
The Ottoman Empire dominated the Mediterranean and large parts of Western Asia since their conquest of Constantinople in 1452. Inspired by the Ottomans, the Europeans began exploring the Atlantic Ocean and down the coast of Africa.
when did europeans start colonizing
After the Americas were discovered in the 1490s, the European countries began expanding through maritime empires and colonies.
what were the consequences of european colonization of africa?
Tragic consequences of the colonization were that European diseases devastated the indigenous populations of North and South America who had no immunity to them and hundreds of thousands of people from the Western coast of Africa were captured and forced into slavery to work on plantations in the New World.
who was the ‘actual’ first european to reach the tip of africa?
In 1488, a Portuguese sailor Bartholomew Dias managed to sail around the southern tip of Africa, but he only went a short distance after.
whowas the first european to go from west europe to india? what did he do?
In 1497 Vasco da Gama sailed from Lisbon in Portugal along the west African coast. In the December of the same year he rounded the southern edge of Africa. Continuing on, he crossed the Indian Ocean and reached a place near modern-day Calicut in Kerala, India. He became the first European sailor to complete a voyage between Western Europe and India although he learned routes from Arabian sailors.
how is vasco da gama’s knowledge about crossing the indian ocean
The Portuguese began controlling areas of south Asia and the Arabian Gulf. But Gama’s knowledge to how to sail across Indian ocean was limited. This was evident in his decision to return to Kenya in August. The was the worst time to sail from east to west, as the winds were blowing in the opposite direction. Local Sailors and navigators like Ibn Majid would have know the monsoon patterns. The trip back to India took a terrible toll on his ships. Instead of the 23 days it had taken to sail from Malindi to Calicut, it took Da Gama 132 days to sail in the opposite direction. Many of his sailors died from starvation and thirst, but most of his fleet made it back home in Portugal.
who is alfonso de alburquerque?what did he do? what did people of khor fakkan do in return?
In 1507, the Portuguese naval commander Afonso de Albuquerque attacked Sohar in Oman. He then turned his attention to coastal cities of UAE and that had become important trading centers.
People of Khor Fakkan on the east coast had been warned that he was coming and prepare for his attack. However, they could not withstand the cannon fire of the Portuguese ships. The Portuguese seized the town after the tough resistance form the inhabitants. When they left Khor Fakkan next day, they took with them supplies, including water, and burnt the city.
how was khor fakkan described in de albuquerque’s chronicle
In De Albuquerque’s chronicle, Khor Fakkan is said to have had ‘good houses; it is very strong on the land side and the reason of it is this, that it was more fearful of being attacked by land than by seas. Many worthy merchants of Gujarat live there. The town lies at the foot of a very high mountain and on the land side it has a very strong wall which is carried along to the sea. In the interior are many estates with good houses, many orange trees, lemon trees, zamboa trees, fig trees, palms and all sorts of vegetables and many water pools which they use for irrigation. In the fields is much straw stubble as in Portugal and there are many maize fields. there were also many horses kept in stables in Khor Fakkan.
why did portugeuse want to control uae?
- wealthy towns
- profitable pearling industry
how did portueguese capture hormuz
The remainder of 1507 was spent capturing the rest of the eastern coast of the UAE and then eventually Hormuz itself. It was not easy for the Portuguese to capture Hormuz, however.As their fleet approached, ships from Julfar in Ra’s al-Khaimah as well as Hormuz itself fired upon the Portuguese fleet. Eventually Hormuz fell and the rulers accepted the Portuguese rule.
what happened when alfonso de albuquerque returned to india?
Once Afonso de Albuquerque returned to India, the Kingdom of Hormuz, with support from people on the east coast of the UAE, revolted against the invaders. The Portuguese put the revolt down. They attempted to control parts of the UAE more directly by establishing forts at Kalba, Dibba, Bidya and Khor Fakkan. Others were were built later at Julfar and at Khasab, in the Musandam peninsula, north of Ra’s al-Khaimah. The descriptions of these Portuguese forts provide important information about life at this time.
what did Pedro Barreto de Resende say abt khor fakkan?
The map-maker, Pedro Barreto de Resende, writes that the water in Khor Fakkan is the ‘best in all of Arabia’. We also read of the existence of large villages with mud brick buildings surrounded by date-palm gardens and wells.
what happened for most of the sixteenth and the early part of the seventeenth century CE?
For most of the sixteenth and the early part of the seventeenth century CE, the Portuguese claimed control over these coastal areas of the UAE, by virtue of controlling the Kingdom of Hormuz.to the area, daily life would have continued as before with little interruption. Certainly there is little evidence that the influence of the Portuguese ever stretched far inland.
For those living on the coast, an economy centered on trade, fishing, and pearling brought great benefits. Historical accounts from the sixteenth century indicate that pearling was particularly important.
when did portuguese lose control of hormuz?
Resistance against the Portuguese grew. In 1619, a major revolt occurred in Julfar, in Ra’s al-Khaimah. In 1622, Hormuz, controlled by the Portuguese, was attacked by a Persian and British force. After a several month siege the city eventually fell.
what did the dutch ship say about bidya?
It described the town of Bidya as follows: “Lebdia (Bidya) is a place which has about 200 houses all built from branches of date palms. It is standing on a beach on a latitude of 25 degrees, 5 minutes. It has behind the houses a beautiful valley, where there are a great many date palms and some fig trees and there are several wells, one of them a pistol’s shot distance from the beach there is very good and fresh water to be got. In this valley grows melons,watermelons and onions.
