Emergence And Evolution Of Modern Sports Flashcards
What is the memory hook for pre 1850?
CLEGITT
What sport did the lower class take part in in pre 1850?
Mob football
What sport did the upper class play in pre 1850?
Real tennis
What we’re together two classes of 1850?
Upper and lower class
What were laws like in pre 1850?
There were no law and order, violent, wagering, cruel
What was education like for lower class in pre1850?
Illiterate simple spoken rules
What was education like for the upper class in pre 1850?
Literate complex written rules
What was gender like for lower class pre 1850?
Women were seen as weak took part in smock races
What was gender like for upper class in 1850?
Women were weaker
We’re made to play lady like sports e.g. artery
What was the availability of money like for the lower class?
Had to play simple sports due to lack of facilities
What was the availability like for the upper class in pre1850?
Had lots to provide facilities for sports
What was the availability of time like for lower class in pre 1850?
Had long working hours only were able to play sport on holy days
What was the availability of time like for upper class in pre 1850?
Had lots of spare time for sports
What was transport like in pre 1850for the lower class?
Had not had to travel by foot so competitions were local
What was transport like for the upper class in pre 1850?
Had horse and cart so able to travel further
What is urbanisation and five examples?
Towns and cities began to develop based on industry
Stoke-pottery
Manchester-cotton
Sheffield-steel
What happened post 1850 for class
Middle class emerged
What was laws like in post 1850?
Upper and lower class made rules and banned lower class sports (hunting)
What was the education like in post 1850?
In 1870 all children were allowed to attend school
Made butter understanding of rules
What was gender like in post 1850?
Men were dominant upper and middle class women could play lawn tennis
What was income like in post 1850?
Money was made though spectators of games
What was time like in post 1850?
Half day Saturdays were introduced for factory workers
What was transport like in post 1850?
The development of bikes trains roads and canals made transport more accessible
Who was Thomas Arnold?
Headmaster of rugby school
What was Arnold’s aim?
Wanted pupils to grow into Christian gentlemen
Believed team games develops loyalty team work leader ship
What was the fagging system?
Bullying and exploitation of younger students, prefects would use as slaves to encourage healthy competition
What is the cult of athleticism?
Physical endeavour and moral integrity and showing good sportsmanship
What is muscular Christianity?
‘Healthy body and healthy mind to serve god’
Creates a link between sports morals and ethics
What impact did the cult of athleticism have on sport?
The were spread nation wide
How was sport spread?
When pupils took rules of rugby to universities where the melting pot was used to standardised rules
NGB we’re established
What happened to class during the 20th century?
It blurred although still dictated activities to an extent
What sports did the different classes play in the 20th century?
U- golf
M-rugby
L-football
What was amateurism and professionalism?
Not dictated by class as much however majority of lower class was professional
What happened to law and order in the 20th century?
- cruel sports had disappeared
- code of conduct for football
- boxing gloves introduced
- drugs and hooliganism increased towards the end
What happened to education was like in the 20th century?
Butler act 1944 pe act was part of the curriculum
- promoted in public schools
- competitive sports in independent schools
What happened to gender in the 20th century?
Male dominated changes occurred towards the end of century
What happened to income in the 20th century?
More money accessible
Divide between private health clubs and local authority gyms
What happened to time in the 20th century?
Sport was filling free time on weekends
What happened to transport in the 20th century?
Increase global elite level
Affected by affordability of public transport
Car ownership
What happened to class in the 21st century?
Less obvious class divide
What sports did the class play in the 21st century?
U-polo
M-golf
L-football
What happened to amateurism and professionalism in the 21st century?
Less dictated by class Lottery funding increased professionals
What happened to law and order in the 21st century?
Ethics, drugs, hooliganism, match fixing
More rules for officials, law for safety of spectators
What happened to education in the 21st century?
Education made compulsory for 18
Exams, degrees for PE
What happened to gender in the 21st century?
Still male dominated
Increase in female participation
Increase female commentators
What happened to income in 21st century?
Disposable income dictate participation
Recession had negative impact decreasing participation since 2012
What happened to time I. 21st century?
Flexible work hours
Have to balance work and sport
What happened to transport in the 21st century?
Travel is quick
Cars
Aeroplanes for international travel
What ways have law and order legislations affected 21st century?
- legislations more involved in sport
- increase cases of negligence (referee sued for poor scrum)
- increase police attention to match fixing
- increased number of appeals to court of arbitration court( Russian Olympic team 2016)
