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Urogenital 1 > Embryonic Development of the UG System > Flashcards

Embryonic Development of the UG System Flashcards

1
Q

What differentiates into the pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros?

A

Nephrogenic cord

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2
Q

What does the nephrogenic cord develop into?

A

Pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros

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3
Q

When does the pronephros form?

A

4th week of embryological development

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4
Q

Where does the pronephric duct empty into?

A

Cloaca

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5
Q

When does the pronephros disappear?

A

6th week

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6
Q

What does the pronephric duct develop into?

A

Mesonephric duct

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7
Q

What is contained in the mesonephric duct?

A

Contains glomerulus and bowmans capsule

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8
Q

What does the metanephros develop from?

A

Uteric bud
Metanephric blastema
Mesonephric duct

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9
Q

What germ layer do the kidneys develop from?

A

Mesoderm

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10
Q

What does the uteric bud form?

A

Calyces
Collecting duct
Renal pelvis
Ureters

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11
Q

When do the kidneys begin to function?

A

Third month

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12
Q

When does the fetal period begin?

A

Week 9

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13
Q

What occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy?

A

The most important stage - organ systems begin to form.

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14
Q

When is the fetus most vulnerable to the effects of drugs, radiation and microbes?

A

The first trimester due to the extensive activity of this time.

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15
Q

Outline the 2nd trimester of pregnancy.

A

The development of organ systems is nearly complete and the fetus has human like features.

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16
Q

Outline the 3rd trimester of pregnancy.

A

A period of rapid fetal growth (weight of the fetus doubles) and organ system become fully functional.

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17
Q

What is the first excretory organ that forms in the fetus?

A

Mesonephros

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18
Q

When does production of urine begin in the mesonephros?

A

Week 6

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19
Q

What is the ureter anlage?

A

An epithelial outgrowth on the end of the mesonephric duct.

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20
Q

What is the ureter anlage the origin of?

A

Ureter
Minor and Major Calyces
Renal Pelvis

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21
Q

From what mesoderm do the kidneys develop from?

A

The intermediate mesoderm

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22
Q

What does the metanephric blastema of the metanephros develop into?

A

Proximal and distal tubules
Bowmans capsule
(Filtration-reabsorption system)

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23
Q

What is the uteric bud another name for?

A

Ureter anlage

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24
Q

What is the cloaca divided by?

A

Urorectal septum

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25
Q

What does the urorectal septum separate the cloaca into?

A

Anorectal canal

Urogenital sinus

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26
Q

What does the bladder develop from?

A

Urogenital sinus

27
Q

What does the urethra’s in men and women develop from?

A

Urogenital sinus

28
Q

What was the urogenital sinus form from?

A

Cloaca

29
Q

What are the three sources the gonads develop from?

A

Intermediate mesoderm
Mesenchymal cells
Primordial germ cells

30
Q

What gives rise to the male genital ducts?

A

Mesonephric ducts (aka Wolfian)

31
Q

What gives rise to the female genital ducts?

A

Paramesonephric ducts (aka Mullerian)

32
Q

What germ layer do the gonads form from?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

33
Q

What protein is responsible for the sexual differentiation of the gonads?

A

SRY protein (sex determining region Y protein)

34
Q

What do sertoli cells in the embryo differentiate into?

A

Seminiferous tubules

Testicular cords

35
Q

What is the rete testis?

A

The rete testis is an anastomosing network of tubules located in the hilum of the testicle.

36
Q

What does the rete testes do?

A

That carries sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the efferent ducts.

37
Q

What cells secrete testosterone?

A

Leydig cells

38
Q

Explain the descent of the testes.

A

The GUBERNACULUM is a cord that draws the testes down from the abdomen through the INGUINAL CANAL and into the scrotum.

39
Q

What happens to the primordial germ cells?

A
  1. PGC migrate to the genital ridge where they undergo mitosis.
  2. PCG cells differentiate into oocytes and sperm cells.
40
Q

What does the embryonic cortex develop into in men and women?

A

Seminiferous tubules in men

Ovarian follicles in women

41
Q

What does the embryonic medulla develop into in men and women?

A

Rete testis

Rete ovarii

42
Q

What does the embryonic genital tubercle develop into in men and women?

A

Penis

Clitoris

43
Q

What do primordial germ cells differentiate into?

A

Sperm cells and Oocytes

44
Q

What does the embryonic genital swelling develop into in men and women?

A

Scrotum

Labia Majora

45
Q

From what germ layer does the urogenital sinus develop?

A

Endoderm

46
Q

What does the Wolffian mesonephric duct develop into?

A

Epididymus
Vans Deferens
Seminal vesicle
Ejaculatory duct

47
Q

What are the derivatives of the urogenital sinus in men?

A

Urethra
Bladder
Anorectal canal

48
Q

What gender is the Wolffian mesonephric duct present in?

A

Men only

49
Q

What gender is the Mullerian paramesonephric duct present in?

A

Female only

50
Q

What does the Mullerian paramesonephric duct develop into?

A

Uterus
Fallopian tube
Vagina (3/4)

51
Q

What does the urogenital sinus develop into in women?

A

Vagina (1/4)
Urethra
Vaginal vestibule
Bladder

52
Q

How does the genital tubercle form, and when?

A

The fusion of cloacal folds in the 5th week

53
Q

What do the cloacal folds develop into and when?

A 
Genital tubercle (5th week)
Urethral folds (7th week)
Anal folds (7th week)
Genital swelling
54
Q

What does the penis form from?

A

The genital tubercle

55
Q

When does the cloaca subdivide forming the anorectal canal and urogenital sinus?

A

5th week

56
Q

What does the clitoris form from?

A

Genital tubercle

57
Q

What do the genital swellings in women form?

A

Labia majora

58
Q

What forms the labia minora?

A

Urethral folds

59
Q

From what germ layer does the urogenital sinus develop?

A

Endoderm

60
Q

What is the embryonic remnant of the gubernaculum in the women?

A

Round ligament

61
Q

What is capiciation?

A

Activation of the acrosomal head of sperm when it penetrates the corona radiata.

62
Q

Capacitation causes the release of what?

A

Acrosin and esterases which break down the cell membrane of the oocyte.

63
Q

What happens when sperm bind to integrisin?

A

It initiates the cortical

Urogenital 1 (12 decks)

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