embryology vasculature

Question 1

timeframe of vessel formation

Answer 1

week 3- birth

Question 2

diffusion time period

Answer 2

first 2 weeks: zygotic period

Question 3

vitelline time period

Answer 3

week 3-8 (emb period)

Question 4

when does heart beat

Answer 4

day 21

Question 5

Placental stage period

Answer 5

week 9-birth (fetal period)
after yolk contents are depleted

Question 6

how many arteries and veins in umbilical cord

Answer 6

2 arteries and 1 vein

Question 7

what is the purpose of the vitelline vessels

Answer 7

bring nutrients from yolk cavity to the interior of the embryo
- also skin is forming and preventing diffusion of oxygen

Question 8

when is the neonatal circulation stage

Answer 8

at birth when systemic and pulmonary circuits become distinct

Question 9

what do hemangioblasts form

Answer 9

primitive erythrocytes and endothelial precursor cells
- hemangiogenesis is coulpled to hematopoesis

Question 10

what is the main hematopoietic organ of embryo and fetus

Answer 10

the liver
by day 60 switch from yolk sac and liver occurs

Question 11

outside the embryo and yolk sac derivative

Answer 11

extra embryonic mesoderm

Question 12

inside the embryo and yolk sac derivative

Answer 12

intraembryonic mesoderm

Question 13

hemangiogenesis coupled to hematopoiesis where

Answer 13

outside embryo

Question 14

hemangiogenesis not coupled to hematopoiesis where

Answer 14

inside the embryo

Question 15

hemangioblasts are where

Answer 15

outside embryo, none inside

Question 16

vasculogenesis

Answer 16

formation of vessels from scratch: occurs in the yolk sac

Question 17

angiogenesis

Answer 17

formation of vessels from existing vessels

Question 18

how does sprouting angiogenesis work

Answer 18

part of vessels stalk off

Question 19

how does intussusception angiogenesis occur

Answer 19

1 vessel splits into 2 vessels

Question 20

major artery running through embryo

Answer 20

dorsal aorta

Question 21

branches off dorsal aorta

Answer 21

dorsal segmental arteries
ventral sengmental arteries
lateral segmental arteries

Question 22

how many aortic arches

Answer 22

5

Question 23

aortic sac becomes what

Answer 23

heart tube

Question 24

aortic sac is connected to the arches via

Answer 24

right and left dorsal aortas

Question 25

aberrant right subclavian artery

Answer 25

part of right dorsal aorta fails to regret and the 4th arch artery regresses causing right subclavian to be a branch off aorta behind the esophagus

Question 26

issues with aberrant right subclavian artery

Answer 26

esophagus can press on right subclavian and cause BP drop in right sided UE pressure right subclavian can also press on esophagus to cause dysphagia

Question 27

association with aberrant right subclavian artery

Answer 27

down sydrome

Question 28

double aortic arch

Answer 28

failure of regression of right dorsal arch causing a vascular ring around trachea and esophagus causing dysphagia or dyspnea

Question 29

double aortic arch association

Answer 29

Digeorge syndrome: 20% have double aortic arch

Question 30

right sided aortic arch

Answer 30

left regresses and right is retained - only an issue if the ligament arteriousus is running behind esophagus and trachea

Question 31

right sided aortic arch is associated with

Answer 31

tetralogy of fallot

Question 32

interrupted aortic arch

Answer 32

differential cyanosis due to LE supplied by pulmonary trunk via patent ductus aretriousus

Question 33

interrupted aortic arch association

Answer 33

digeorge syndrome

Question 34

coarction- post ductal

Answer 34

lower extremities don't receive enough oxygenated blood collateral vessels form which bypass the coarction to prevent issues asymptomatic

Question 35

coarction- pre ductal

Answer 35

LE do not receive enough oxygenated blood after ductus arteriousus closes, differential cyanosis commonly occurs

Question 36

pre ductal coarction association

Answer 36

Turner syndrome patients

Question 37

Vitelline veins

Answer 37

hooked up to sinus venosus, running through liver rudiment

Question 38

what happens to cranial part of left vitelline vein

Answer 38

it regresses, shunting blood to right side of heart

Question 39

what happens to the caudal part of left vitalize vein

Answer 39

regresses to form just 1 vitelline vein on the right side

Question 40

what things form from the right vitteline vein

Answer 40

portal vein splenic vein inferior mesenteric vein

Question 41

what do the umbilical veins carry

Answer 41

oxygenated blood

Question 42

which umbilical vein regresses

Answer 42

right

Question 43

what happens to cranial left umbilical vein

Answer 43

regresses

Question 44

umbilical vein track

Answer 44

directly to ductus bypassing liver

Question 45

umbilical vein becomes what in adult

Answer 45

ligamentum teres hepatis

Question 46

ductus venosus becomes what in adult

Answer 46

ligamentum venosum