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Cardio/pulm > embryology- normal heart > Flashcards

embryology- normal heart Flashcards

1
Q

source of myocardium and epicardium

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

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2
Q

significance of ectoderm in heart development

A

neural crest cells

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3
Q

heart development time period

A

week 3-8
within 1st trimester

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4
Q

first heart field develops from the intraembryonic mesoderm when

A

day 20

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5
Q

what forms after the first heart field

A

second heart field

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6
Q

blood islands form what

A

heart crescent

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7
Q

cardiac progenitor cells are derived from

A

intraembryonic mesoderm

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8
Q

which structure is more dorsal to the heart crescent

A

intraembryonic coelom
(pericardial cavity)

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9
Q

what does cranial body folding do

A

brings the intraembryonic coelon ventral to the cardiac crescent

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10
Q

when do the 2 portions of heart crescent fuse? what do they form?

A

day 23 into the endocardial tube

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11
Q

derivative of mayocardium and epicardium

A

Splanchnic mesoderm or the medial wall of the intraembryonic coelom

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12
Q

myocardium secretes what? where?

A

Cardiac jelly between myocardium and endocardium

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13
Q

vitelline veins supply what?

A

embryo, from the yolk sac

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14
Q

the umbilical veins supply what?

A

the fetus, from the placenta

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15
Q

the cardinal veins supply what?

A

the embryo and the fetus

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16
Q

blood enters heart how?

A

via right and left sinus venous, to the primitive atria, then primitive ventricle

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17
Q

where does blood flow following primitive ventricule

A

bulbs cordis, truncus arteriosus, aortic sac, aortic arches

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18
Q

rotation of heart called what

A

dextro looping

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19
Q

hen is dextrose looping complete

A

day 28

20
Q

dextro looping reversal causes

A

situs inversus

21
Q

kartagener syndrome

A

Situs inversus + primary ciliary dyskinesia

22
Q

how does transverse sinus form

A

the dorsal mesocardium stretches and forms a hole

23
Q

blood flow rerouting

A

left to right shift
enters through right

24
Q

first atrial partition

A

septum primum

25
Q

hole within septum primum

A

ostium primum

26
Q

ostiums secundum

A

hole in septum primum, blood flow right right to left through here

27
Q

second atrial partition

A

septum secundum

28
Q

septum secundum characteristics

A

thicker, muscular and less compliant than the septum primum

29
Q

hole in septum secundum

A

foramen ovale

30
Q

foramen ovale is called a

A

shunt (right to left shunt)

31
Q

how does foramen oval become fossa ovale

A

septum primum fuses to septum secundum

32
Q

when does formal ovale close

A

shortly after birth

33
Q

EMT forms what

A

cushion cells that secrete cushion tissue (extracellular matrix)

34
Q

dorsal and ventral cushion tissue fuse, to form a hole on left and right.. forming?

A

left and right AV canals

35
Q

Maintenance of unidirectionality in the adult heart

A

Mitral (left) and tricuspid (right) valves

36
Q

chordae tendoneae fuse with?

A

papillary muscles

37
Q

2 steps of inter ventricular septation

A

muscular IV septum formation
membranous IV septum formation

38
Q

first step of inter ventricular septation

A

muscular septum grows upward, with a hole present (inter ventricular foramen)

39
Q

where are the cootruncal ridges

A

within the truncus arteriosus

40
Q

fusion of the conotruncal ridges forms the?

A

aorticopulmonary septum

41
Q

how does the interventricular foramen close?

A

aortopulmonary septum spirals down to form the membranous IV septum

42
Q

how long does this process take? (formation of membranous IV septum)

A

4 weeks
weeks 5-8

43
Q

how do the one way valves (semi-lunar valves)

A

the cushion tissue

44
Q

source of coronary sinus

A

left sinus horn

45
Q

SA node source

A

right sinus horn

46
Q

source of AV node

A

left sinus horn

Cardio/pulm (5 decks)

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