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DBCS 311 > Embryology: Pharyngeal Arches > Flashcards

Embryology: Pharyngeal Arches Flashcards

1
Q

In humans, where does the lower jaw, face and neck structures derive from

A

Pharyngeal arches

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2
Q

what are the pairs of pharyngeal arches

A

1,2,3,4,6

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3
Q

In which direction do the pharyngela arches form?

A

Cranial to caudal

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4
Q

What is the time frame for the pharyngeal arches

A

Begins day 22 ends early 5th week

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5
Q

What is a pharyngeal arch

A
  • an expansion of tissues containing a mesenchymal core with outer ectoderm and inner endoderm
  • contain:
    • cartilage element
    • straited muscle
    • cranial nerve
    • aortic arch artery
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6
Q

What is the outer ectoderm of the pharyngeal arch

A

Pharyngeal cleft/groove

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7
Q

What is the inner endoderm layer of the pharyngeal arch

A

Pharyngeal pouch

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8
Q

The endoderm on the pharyngeal arch is associated with

A

Arch cartilage

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9
Q

Mesoderm of pharyngeal arch associated with

A

Arch artery

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10
Q

Ectoderm of pharyngeal arch is associated with

A

Arch cranial nerve

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11
Q

Pharyngeal arch cartilages are derived from

A

Neural crest cells

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12
Q

Arch 1 Skeletal Elements

A

Maxillary Part: Palatopterygoquadrate bar: incus and alisphenoid


Mandibular Part: Meckel’s cartilage: malleus and sphenomandibular ligament

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13
Q

Arch 2 Skeletal Elements

A

Reichart’s cartilage: stapes, stylohyoid process, stylohyoid ligament. Lesser horns and upper rim of hyoid

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14
Q

Arch 3 Skeletal Elements

A

Greater horns, lower rim of hyoid

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15
Q

Arch 4 & 6 Skeletal Elements

A

Larynx cartilages

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16
Q

Arch 1 Cranial Nerve

A

Trigeminal Nerve ( CN V)

maxillary and mandibular divisions

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17
Q

Arch 2 Innervation

A

Facial Nerve (CN VII)

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18
Q

Arch 3 Innervation

A

Glossopharyngeal N. (CN IX)

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19
Q

Arch 4 innervation

A

Vagus Nerve (X): Superior laryngeal branch

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20
Q

Arch 6 Innervation

A

Vagus Nerve (X): Recurrent Laryngeal Branch

21
Q

Arch 1 muscles

A
  • originate from head of mesoderm
  • Muscles of Mastication (temporalis, masseter, and pterygoids)
  • anterior belly of digastric
  • 2 “tensors”
    • tensor tympani
    • tensor veli palatini
22
Q

Arch 2 muscles

A
  • originate from head of mesoderm
  • muscles of facial expression
    • orbicularis oculi
    • orbicularis oris
    • risorius
    • platysma
    • auricularis
    • frontalis
    • buccinator
  • posterior belly of digastric
  • stylohyoid
  • stapedius
23
Q

Arch 3 Muscles

A
  • originates from head of mesoderm
  • stylopharyngeus
24
Q

Arch 4 Muscles

A
  • originate from occipital somites 2-4
  • constrictors of the pharynx
  • cricothyroid
  • levator veli palatini
25
Q

Arch 6 Muscles

A
  • originate from occipital somites (1-2)
  • intrinsic muscles of the larynx
26
Q

Arch 1 Blood Supply

A

Terminal branch of Maxillary Artery

27
Q

Arch 2 Blood Supply

A

Stapedial Artery (embryonic)

Corticotympanic Artery (adult)

28
Q

Arch 3 Blood Supply

A

Common Carotid Artery

Root of Internal Carotid Artery

29
Q

Arch 4 Blood Supply

A

Arch of Aorta (left side)

Right Subclavian Artery (right side)

Original Sprouts of Pulmonary Arteries

30
Q

Arch 6 Blood Supply

A

Ductus Arteriosus

Roots of Definitive Pulmonary Arteries

31
Q

development of the face occurs

A

Weeks 4-7

32
Q

End of the 4th week development of face has

A

Frontal nasal prominence, maxillary prominence and mandibular prominence (arch 1)

33
Q

Development of face end of 5th week has

A

Rupture of oropharyngeal membrane and proliferation of mesenchyme of mandibular prominence

34
Q

Development of face 5th-6th week has

A

growth of the maxillary prominence and the formation of the nasal placode and nasal pit

35
Q

What forms the nasal placode

A

medial nasal process and lateral nasal process & nasalacrimal groove

36
Q

what is a nasal placode?????****

A

area of cells that aggregate

outer opening of nasal pit developed from 5-6th week

37
Q

development of the face weeks 6th-7th has

A

Intermaxillary process, Philtrum and primary palate

38
Q

formation of intermaxillary process

A

fusion of the medial nasal processes

39
Q

Formation of philtrum and the primary palate

A

fusion of intermaxiallary process with maxillary prominences

40
Q

Where is the philtrum located

A

portion just inferior to nose and superior to upper lip

41
Q

Development of the face 7th week has

A

Nasal lacrimal duct, lacrimal sac and nasal passages and the Secondary palate

42
Q

What is the oropharyngeal membrane

A

gut tube

43
Q

describe the formation of the secondary palate

A

forms from maxillary palate, process grows inferiorly and then grows up to form palate shelves that fuse at the midline.

44
Q

Incomplete fusion of primary/secondary palate causes

A

unilateral cleft lip, bilateral cleft lip or cleft plate

45
Q

What failed to fuse in Unilateral cleft lip

A

lateral nasal and maxillary prominences (primary palate)

46
Q

What failed to fuse in bilateral cleft lip

A

Medial process and maxillary prominence (primary palate)

47
Q

What failed to fuse in cleft palate

A

Palatal shelves of maxillary prominence. (Secondary palate)

48
Q
A

DBCS 311 (17 decks)

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