Embryology Of Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 kidney systems that form during development?

A

Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros

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2
Q

What do the kidneys arise from?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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3
Q

What does the bladder arise from?

A

Endoderm

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4
Q

Outline the Pronephros development

A
  • arises from intermediate mesoderm
  • the first kidney system that develops
  • has no function in humans > degenerates
  • Pronephric duct extends from the cervical region to cloaca
  • this drives the development of the Mesonephros
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5
Q

Outline the mesonephros development

A
  • step two
  • develops below degerenating pronephros (in the thoracic-lumbar regions)
  • mesonephric tubules develop off the mesonephric duct
  • filtration function but no water conserving function > needs to upgrade
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6
Q

What forms the Embyronic kidney?

A

Mesonephric tubules
Mesonephric duct

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7
Q

Importance of the mesonephric duct

A
  • Development of the male reproductive system
  • Sprouts ureteric bud > induces development of definitive kidney
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8
Q

Outline the Metanephros

A
  • step three
  • ureteric bud forms at the lower portion of the mesonephric duct > froms the collection system
  • induces differentiation of intermediate mesoderm (metanephric blastema) > forms excretory portion of the kidneys
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9
Q

Location of the different stages of development of the urinary system

A
  • pronephros: cervical region
  • mesonephros: thoracic - lumbar region
  • metanephros: lower lumbar - sacral region
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10
Q

What forms the collecting system?

A

Ureteric bud

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11
Q

What forms the excretory portion (nephrons) of the kidneys?

A

Differentiation of the metanephric blastema (intermediate mesoderm)

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12
Q

What can go wrong in the development of the renal system?

A
  • ureteric bud fails to interact with intermediate mesoderm > renal agenesis
  • migration goes awry
  • duplication defects
  • ectopic ureter
  • cystic disease
  • horseshoe kidney
  • pelvic kidney
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13
Q

Renal structural anomalies related to migration

A

Pelvic kidney
Horseshoe kidney

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14
Q

How does pelvic kidney arise?

A

Kidney hasn’t ascended correctly
Gets caught on vessels during ascent

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15
Q

How does horseshoe kidney arise?

A
  • fusion at bottom of kidneys during ascent
  • forms a horseshoe shape
  • get caught on the inferior mesenteric artery > do no ascend as high
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16
Q

How do the kidneys ascend?
What is a common occurrence due to this?

A
  • Kidneys ascend by creating branches off the aorta as it rises up
  • presence of accessory renal arteries left over from ascent
17
Q

What abnormalities of the ureter can occur during development?

A
  • splitting of ureteric bud > duplication
  • partial development
  • can cause ectopic ureteral opening
18
Q

How is the urogenital sinus formed?
What occurs after this?

A
  • Splitting of cloaca by urorectal septum
    .
  • superior part connnects to umbilicus > differentiates to urinary bladder
  • inferior part > urethra
19
Q

Difference in differentiation of inferior part of urogenital sinus in men and women

A
  • women: entire urethra + clitoris
  • men: membranous + sponges urethra
20
Q

What week is the kidney functional in utero?

A

Week 10