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Alimentary System > Embryology of the GI > Flashcards

Embryology of the GI Flashcards

1
Q

what are the phases for human development?

A

Growth, morphogenesis and differentiation

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2
Q

Give examples of teratogens and during what weeks can they cause major abnormalities

A

Viruses and Drugs; weeks 4-8

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3
Q

What is gastrulation

A

process by which the 3 germ layers and axial orientation of embryo is established

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4
Q

What happens during gastrulation

A

Bilaminar embryonic disc is converted to trilaminar

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5
Q

Ectoderm Gives rises to:

A

Epidermis,CNS,PNS,retina of eye etc

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6
Q

Endoderm gives rises to:

A

Epithelial Lining of RS,GIT,glands,lier and pancreas

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7
Q

Mesoderm gives rise to:

A

Most of CVS, connective tissue,muscles, blood cells,bone marrow,Vessels associated w organs and tissues

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8
Q

Primordial Gut forms during?? Derived from??? Closed at cranial and caudal end by??

A

4th week, From endoderm of yolk sac,cranial: oropharyngeal membrane
Caudal: Cloacal membrane

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9
Q

Foregut develops form?? What develops from ventral wall of foregut??

A

Cranial part of the primitive gut tube. Laryngo-tracheal diverticulum

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10
Q

When does foregut dilate to become stomach?

A

4th week

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11
Q

Rotation of stomach and direction? What kind of rotation

A

90 degrees clockwise making ventral border left side and dorsal right side. ANterio-posterior rotation

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12
Q

What mesentry attaches to stomach?Which mesentery goes to the left to create the omental bursa?

A

Mesogastrium.

Ventral mesentry

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13
Q

Duodenum formed from which part of midgut and foregut?

A

the caudal part of the foregut and the cranial part of the midgut

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14
Q

Blood supply to duodenum???

A

Coeliac axis and Superior mesenteric artery

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15
Q

What’s the part of duodenum that retains its dorsal mesentry?

A

Duodenal Cap

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16
Q

When does the liver primordium appear?

A

Middle of 3rd week by Outgrowth of endoderm (epithelia) in the distal end of the foregut

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17
Q

What forms the bile duct and what does its ventral outgrowth do?

A

Connection bw liver bud and foregut (duodenum). Ventral growth of bile duct forms gallbladder and cystic duct

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18
Q

What side is the spleen on? How does it form? When does it differentiate to become the spleen?

A

end of 4th week. By mesenchymal condesnsation on dorsal mesogastrium near body wall. Differentiates during 5th week to become spleen

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19
Q

Spleen derived from??

A

Mesodermal and NOT endodermal

20
Q

Up to what week does the spleen act like a haematopoietic organ?

A

week 14

21
Q

What happens from week 15- 17

A

Spleen acquires its lobular shape and is colonised by T lymphocyte cells

22
Q

When do the B cell precursors arrive? What does this mean?

A

Week 23. Spleen can start its lymphoid function

23
Q

Pancreas forms from how many buds? which grow from where? When do they join?

A

Endodermal lining of duodenum IN WEEK 5. (foregut)
2 buds : dorsal and ventral
Week 6 they lie closer together at the dorsal part

24
Q

Ventral part forms which part of pancreas

A

Inferior part of head of pancreas and uncinate process.

25
Q

Main pancreatic duct formed by?

A

Ventral duct and distla part of dorsal duct

26
Q

Proximal part of dorsal duct may form:

A

Accessory duct

27
Q

When does an annular pancreas form? What can this cause?

A

When the ventral bud fails to migrate around the duodenum correctly
-Duodenal stenosis

28
Q

Where does the midguut extend

A

Distal part of duodenum –> first 2/3rds of transverse colon

29
Q

primary intestinal loop: Cephalic part becomes:

A

distal duodenum,jejenum, and proximal ileum

30
Q

Caudal part of intestinal loop:

A

Distal ileum, caecum, appendix, ascending colon and the proximal 2/3rds of the transverse colon

31
Q

Primary gut tube must undergo:

A

Physiological herniation

32
Q

When does rotation of primary gut tube happen? Around which axis? Rotation in which direction first? What part is carried where?

A

Week 6. Around axis of superior mesenteric artery. 90 degrees anticlockwise. Cranial part of midgut carried to right side

33
Q

Into what does the gut tube herniate

A

Extraembryonic cavity in the umbilical cord

34
Q

When do the intestinal loops begin to move from umbilical cord back to abdominal cavity?

A

10th week

35
Q

What enters abdominal cavity in what direction and what is the last part to enter

A

proximal part of jujenum into the left side and the last part to enter is the caceum

36
Q

What happns after the gut tube returns to the abdominal cavity

A

180 degree rotation anticlockwise further

37
Q

What does this rotation establish

A

that the transverse colon is in front of the duodenum

38
Q

What is an omphalocele?

A

Herniation of abdominal organs through an enlarged umbilical ring but the organs are covered in an amnion

39
Q

What is gastroschisis?

A

Herniation of abdominal contents directly to amniotic cavity but not covered by amnion or peritoneum usually due to cocaine use?? not associated with chromosomal abnormalities

40
Q

What is Meckel’s diverticulum?

A

A diverticulum formed by a small vitelline duct that persists in 2-4% of people that may form a fistula or vitelline cyst or ligament

41
Q

Hindgut made up of?

A

Distal 1/3rd transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and upper part of the anal canal.
-Endoderm of hindgut also forms the lining of the bladder and urethra

42
Q

What does the terminal portion of the hindgut join

A

posterior part of cloaca (primitive anal canal)

43
Q

Cloaca??

A

endoderm lined cavity with surface ectoderm at its ventral boundary

44
Q

When does the cloacal membrane rupture? What happens after?

A

End of week 7

Ectoderm of the anal canal proliferates to close the caudal end

45
Q

When does the anal canal reopen

A

Week 9

46
Q

Cudaal anak canal is derived from

A

Ectoderm

Alimentary System (13 decks)

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