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Y3 OBS AND GYNAE > Embryology of Reproductive System > Flashcards

Embryology of Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Gastrulation begins with…

A

Formation of primitive streak

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2
Q

Describe the process of gastrulation

A

Conversion of the epiblast from a bilaminar disc into a trilaminar embryonic disc consisting of a definitve mesoderm and endoderm

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3
Q

Mesoderm is organised into 3 groups. What are they?

A

Paraxial plate
Intermediate plate
Lateral plate

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4
Q

The urogenital system arises from which germ cell layer?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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5
Q

Which common cavity do excretory reproductive ducts open into during development?

A

Cloaca

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6
Q

Describe the formation of genital ridges

A

Proliferation of coelomic epithelium into somatic support cells, which envelope primordial germ cells (origins of sperm and oocytes)

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7
Q

Describe the formation of the indifferent gonad

A

Two genital ridges penetrate and invade the underlying mesenchyme forming finger-like primitive sex cords

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8
Q

State the two genital ducts formed during the ambisexual phase of development

A

Mesonephric (wolfian) duct - MALES

Paramesonephric (mullerian) duct - FEMALES

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9
Q

What structure do the genital ducts connect to?

A

Urogenital sinus

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10
Q

Sexual differentiation occurs from week _ onwards

A

7

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11
Q

Male development is triggered by the absence/presence of sex determining region of Y transcription factor

A

Presence

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12
Q

Somatic support cells develop to form what cells? What are they stimulated by?

A

Sertoli cells

SRY transcription factor

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13
Q

Which structure connects the mesonephric tubules to the testis cords?

A

Rete testis

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14
Q

What exists between coelemic epithelium and testis cords?

A

Tunica albuginea

Thickened layer of CT

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15
Q

List the functions of sertoli cells in development

A

Secrete anti-Mullerian harmone (AMH) causing degeneration of paramesenephric duct
Stimulate gonadal ridge cells to form Leydig cells

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16
Q

What is the function of Leydig cells?

A

Production of testosterone –> dihydrotestosterone

17
Q

The production of testosterone stimulates which male structures to form?

A

Epididymis
Vas deferens
Seminal vesicles

18
Q

The production of dihydrotestosterone stimulates which male structures to form?

A

External genitalia

Prostate

19
Q

Which spinal level do the testis orginate from?

A

T10

20
Q

Name the ligament which pulls the testis caudally during development

A

Gubernaculum

21
Q

Failure to descend one or both testis is known as…

A

Cryptorchidism

22
Q

List the 3 male accessory glands formed during development and the relative origin of each

A 
Prostate (endoderm)
Bulbourethral glands (endoderm)
Seminal vesicles (mesonephric duct)
23
Q

Female development is triggered by the absence/presence of sex determining region of Y transcription factor

A

Absence

24
Q

Primary oocytes are differentiated from which cells?

A

Germ cells

25
Q

Granulosa cells are differentiated from what cells?

A

Somatic support cells

26
Q

Primordial follicles are formed from…

A

Primary oocytes surrounded by granulosa cells

27
Q

Paramesonephric ducts are formed under the influence of what sex harmone?

A

Ovarian oestrogens

28
Q

Paramesonephric ducts give rise to which structures of the female reproductive system?

A

Uterine tubes
Uterus
Superior vagina

29
Q

List the 3 main parts of a paramesonephric duct

A 
Cranial portion (opens into coelomic cavity)
Horizontal portion (crosses mesonephric duct)
Caudal portion (fuses paramesonephric duct on opposite side)
30
Q

What is the function of the uterovaginal canal

A

Fused caudal portion of paramesonephric ducts give rise to uterus and superior vagina

31
Q

How is the paramesonephric portion of vagina, sinuvaginal bulbs and fornices formed?

A

Vacuolization of vaginal lumen

32
Q

How is the spongy urethra in males formed?

A

Proximal to distal zipping of urethral groove

33
Q

Which germ cell layer forms the tip of the glans penis and the foreskin?

A

Ectoderm

34
Q

What is hypospadias?

A

External urethral opening lies in abnormal position along ventral aspect of penis

Y3 OBS AND GYNAE (44 decks)

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