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Y3 OBS AND GYNAE > Care of Newborn Infant > Flashcards

Care of Newborn Infant Flashcards

1
Q

What are the parameters for normal birthweight?

A

2.5-4 kg

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2
Q

When is a baby classed as large for gestational age?

A

> 4kg

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3
Q

When is a baby classed as small for gestational age?

A

<2.5kg

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4
Q

What are the main neonatal changes in the 3rd trimester?

A 
Increased fat reserves
Transplacental transfer (vitamins, minerals, antibodies)
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5
Q

State the two main types of labour

A

Spontaneous

Induced

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6
Q

State the two most common presentations of the fetus during delivery

A

Cephalic (vertex)

Breech

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7
Q

Describe the foetal environment during contractions of labour, and how the foetus helps to overcome this

A

Hypoxic environment

Foetal haemoglobin helps release oxygen

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8
Q

Which hormones help perinatal adaptation?

A

Cortisol

Adrenaline

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9
Q

List physiological changes that occurs within the foetus after delivery

A

Alveolar expansion
Foetal to newborn circulation
Increased PaO2
Reduced pulmonary arterial pressure

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10
Q

Which score is used as an objective measure of perinatal adaptation?

A

Apgar score

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11
Q

Well grown term infants have great calorific intake in first 24 hours after birth. True/False?

A

False

They have little calorific intake

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12
Q

What is hemorrhagic disease of the newborn?

A

A deficiency of clotting factors leading to bleeding into the lungs, GIT and the brain

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13
Q

Why is vitamin K supplementation important for newborns?

A

Prevent against hemorrhagic disease of the newborn

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14
Q

What is the main risk factor for haemorrhagic disease of the newborn?

A

Children who are entirely breastfed

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15
Q

List infections that can be passed from mother to foetus during delivery

A 
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
HIV
Syphilis 
TB
Group B Strep
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16
Q

Which vaccination is given at birth?

A

Hepatitis B

17
Q

Which vaccination is given within the first month?

A

BCG vaccine

18
Q

List screening tests performed on the fetus at birth

A 
Newborn exam
Universal hearing screening
Hip screening (clinical, USS f risk factors)
Cystic fibrosis
Heamoglobinopathies 
Metabolic disease
19
Q

How are metabolic diseases screened for in pregnancy?

A

Guthrie card

Heel prick and blood released onto 5 spots

20
Q

A newborn examination should be performed within the first ___ hours after birth

A

24 hours

21
Q

List important features to examine on the neonatal head

A 
Moulding
Overlapping sutures
Head circumference
Fontanelles (bulging/sunken)
Cephalohaematoma
Ventouse/forceps marks
Caput succedoneum
22
Q

List important features to examine on the neonatal eyes

A 
Red reflex (cataracts)
Size and position
Conjunctival haemorrhage
Squinting
Iris abnormality
23
Q

List important features to examine on the neonatal ears

A

Position
External auditory meatus
Tags, pits
Folding

24
Q

List important features to examine on the neonatal mouth

A

Shape and palate
Philtrum
Tongue tie
Sucking/rooting reflexes

25
Q

List important features to examine on the neonatal face

A

Facial palsy

Dysmorphism

26
Q

List important features to examine of the neonatal respiratory system

A 
Chest shape
Nasal flaring
Grunting
Tachypnoea
In-drawing
Breath sounds
27
Q

List important features to examine of the neonatal cardiovascular system

A 
Colour/SATs
Femoral pulses
Apex
Thrills/ heaves
Heart sounds
28
Q

List important features to examine on the neonatal abdomen

A 
Movement with respiration
DIstension
Hernia
Umbilicus
Bile-stained vomiting
Passage of meconium
Anus
29
Q

List important features to examine on the neonatal genital system

A

Normal passage of urine
Undescended testes
Hypospadius
Normal genitalia

30
Q

What is hypospadius?

A

A congenital condition in males in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis

31
Q

List important features to examine of the neonatal MSK system

A 
Movement
Posture
Limbs and digits
Spine
Hip exam
32
Q

List important features to examine of the neonatal neurological system

A 
Alert
Responsiveness
Cry
Tone
Posture
Movement
33
Q

List primitive reflexes that should be exhibited by the normal infant

A 
Sucking 
Rooting
Moro 
ATNR
Stepping
Grasp
34
Q

What is the rooting reflex?

A

Turn face to stimulus touching baby’s mouth

35
Q

What is the moro reflex?

A

Startle reflex, when baby loses support they naturally spread and flex their arms

36
Q

What is the ATNR?

A

Fencing reflex, characteristic position of the infant’s arms and head, which resembles that of a classically trained fencer

Y3 OBS AND GYNAE (44 decks)

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