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GI > Embryology Foregut > Flashcards

Embryology Foregut Flashcards

1
Q

What weeks does the primitive gut tube form?

A

3-4

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2
Q

What is the midgut continuous with?

A

yolk sac at the viteeline duct

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3
Q

What is the cloaca?

A

common area where GI tract and urinary systems drain into

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4
Q

What is the one part of the primitive gut tube that does not fuse?

A

Vitelline duct

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5
Q

What is the endothelial lining of the primitive gut tube formed from?

A

Endoderm

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6
Q

What is the smooth muscle and connective tissue of the primitive gut tube derived from?

A

Visceral mesoderm

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7
Q

What is the visceral and parietal peritoneum derived from?

A

visceral and parietal mesoderm

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8
Q

What suspends the primitive gut tube from the PAW?

A

Dorsal mesentery

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9
Q

Where does the dorsal mesentery extend from and to on the primitive gut tube?

A

lower oesophagus to cloaca

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10
Q

Where does the ventral mesentery on the primitive gut tube extend form?

A

lower oesophagus to 1st part of duodenum

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11
Q

What does the ventral mesentery form in the adult?

A 
lesser ommentum
falciform ligament (umbilical vein)
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12
Q

What do the vitelline arteries give rise to in the adult?

A

coeliac trunk
superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery

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13
Q

When does proliferation of the epithelial lining of the gut tube occur? (completely occludes tube)

A

week 6

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14
Q

When does recanalisation of the gut tube finish? (apoptosis of endothelium)
What also occurs during this process?

A

week 9

differentiation of epithelium to form specialised cells

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15
Q

What can occur during abnormal recanalisation (week 6-9)?

Which part of the GI tract is most commonly affected?

A

Stenosis (naorrwing)
Atresia (blockage)
ileum, duodenum

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16
Q

What is a duplication cyst? is it common?

A

Telescoping of proximal bowel into distal bowel
bowel obstruction

rare

17
Q

Where does the foregut extend from and to?

A

oropharyngeal membrane to 1st part duodenum

18
Q

How does the foregut (oesophagus) separate from the respiratory diverticulum?

A

tracheoseophageal septum

19
Q

What is oesophageal atresia?

A

displacement of tracheoesophageal septum which separates the proximal and distal ends of the oesophagus

prevents fetus swallowing amniotic fluid –> fluid build up –> distended pregnancy –> fixable surgically

20
Q

What forms in week 4?

A

oesophagus

21
Q

What forms the epithelial lining?

A

endoderm

22
Q

what forms smooth muscle layer?

A

visceral mesoderm

23
Q

Where does skeletal muscle in the oesophagus come from?

A

paraxial mesoderm

24
Q

Why does the oesophagus have to elongate rapidly in weeks 4-7?

A

stomach is initially located in future thorax

25
Q

What is a congenital hiatal hernia? is it reducible?

A

Insufficient elongation of oesophagus results in part of the stomach positioned above the diaphragm

irreducible

26
Q

In what week does the stomach start growing?

A

4th week

27
Q

In what week is the greater curvature formed?

A

week 5

from dorsal mesentery

28
Q

In what week does the stomach rotate

A

week 7-8

29
Q

How does the stomach rotate?

A

90 degrees clockwise on craniocaudal axis means lesser curvature goes from ventral to the right, and greater curvature from dorsal to the left

Also a slight rotation on the ventrodorsal axis so greater curvature is slightly caudal and lesser curvature is slightly cranial

30
Q

What does the stomach form behind it when it rotates?

A

lesser sac (omental bursa)

31
Q

What is the epiploic foramen?

A

opening that joins greater and lesser sacs

32
Q

How does the greater ommentum form?

A

Dorsal mesentery is attached to greater curvature of stomach and PAW and continues to grow, reflects back itself to form the lesser sac
Ventral and dorsal folds fuse before birth
posterior layer of greater momentum fuses with transverse mesocolon

33
Q

What is congenital pyloric stenosis?

A

Narrowing of pyloric sphincter caused by hypertrophy of smooth muscle

restricts gastric emptying –> dilation of stomach

34
Q

What is heterotopic gastric tissue?

A

inappropriate epithelial differentiation in the gut means gastric tissue develops in the wrong palces
due to acid production, can cause ulceration and strictures (due to scarring)

35
Q

what is the boundary between foregut and midgut

A

entrance of common bile duct

36
Q

in what week does the duodenum elongate?

A

week 4

37
Q

Why is the duodenum dragged to the right?

A

stomach rotation

38
Q

Why is the duodenum retroperitoneal?

A

attached to dorsal mesentery, which degenerates so that the duodenum lies against the PAW

GI (10 decks)

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