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Principles Collated Flashcards > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a conceptus?

A

Fertilisation-> end of week 3

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2
Q

Embryo?

A

Week 4->week 8

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3
Q

Foetus?

A

Week 9-> Birth

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4
Q

What is gametogenesis?

A

Germ cell formation
Oogenisis>oocyte
Spermatpgenesis>Spermatozoa

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5
Q

Fertilisation?

A

Fusion of sperm cell and oocyte to form zygote

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6
Q

When is a zygote formed?

A

In fertilisation

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7
Q

Cleavage definition?

A

Period of rapid cell division

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8
Q

Definition of gastrulation?

A

Formation of germ layers
Ecto
Meso derms
Endo

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9
Q

Formation definition?

A

Embryonic folding

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10
Q

Organogenesis?

A

Formation of organs and organ systems

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11
Q

Different stages of an embryo?

A 
Gametogenesis
Fertilisation 
Cleavage 
Gastrulation 
Formation 
Organogenesis
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12
Q

What major processes occur during embryology?

A 
Cell division 
Differentiation 
Cell attachment 
Apoptosis 
Induction 
Migration
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13
Q

How development of embryo is regulated?

A

Genetic
Epigenetic
Environmental

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14
Q

Where does fertilization take place?

A

Ampulla

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15
Q

What does sperm bind to in fertilization?

A

Zona pellucida glycoprotein

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16
Q

What helps sperm digest its way into the egg?

A

Acrosomal enzymes

17
Q

What does sperm entry into an egg trigger?

A

Completion of meiosis 2 and release of cortical granules by oocyte

18
Q

What is a zygote?

A

Sperm and oocyte

19
Q

Explain the process of cleavage?

A

The zygote undergoes a series of mitotic divisions which leads to many daughter cells called blastomeres

20
Q

When does a zygote become a blastocyst?

A

When 8 blastomere daughter cells are produced compaction takes place to form blastocyst

21
Q

Where does implantation take place?

A

Middle or upper uterine wall

22
Q

Where would an ectopic implantation occur?

A

Ovary, ampulla, uterine tube

23
Q

Ectoderm?

A

Epidermis of skin

Nervous system

24
Q

Mesoderm?

A

Subdivided into 3 parts

25
Q

Endoderm?

A

Lining of gut tube & respiratory tract

26
Q

When is the embryo at most risk of defects?

A

Weeks 3-8

27
Q

What stage does the heart develop?

A

Week 4

28
Q

What separates the atria in an adult heart?

A

Interatrial septum

29
Q

What does incomplete closure of the embryonic foramen ovale in the interatrial septum lead to?

A

Atrial septal defect (ASD)

30
Q

What separates the left from the right ventricle in the adult heart? What does incomplete closure in this lead to?

A

The inter-ventricular septum

-Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

31
Q

2 abnormalities of adult heart?

A

Transposition of great vessels

Tetralogy of fallot

32
Q

What is transposition of great vessels?

A

Adult heart defect

- aorta emerges from right ventricle, and pulmonary trunk from left

33
Q

What is tetralogy of fallot?

A

Pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
VSD
Overriding aorta

Principles Collated Flashcards (13 decks)

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