Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PRINCIPLES > EMBRYOLOGY > Flashcards

EMBRYOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

what is differentiation?

A

specialisation
change in appearance and structure
adoption of new functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is cell arrangement?

A

physical and functional linkages

formation of tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is apoptosis?

A

programmed cell death in response to specific signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is induction?

A

the ability of one cell type to cause another to differentiate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is cell migration?

A

movement from one location to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what causes angelman syndrome?

A

Deletion on maternal chromosome 15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what causes prader willi syndrome?

A

Deletion on paternal chromosome 15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is cell division?

A

increase in the number of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the six phases of embryogenesis?

A 
gametogenesis
fertilisation 
cleavage 
gastrulation 
formation of a body plan 
organogenesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what causes trisomy 21?

A

additional copy of chromosome 21 caused by nondisjunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a zygote?

A

single cell embryo, diploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is cleavage?

A

period of rapid cell division but with no increase in size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how is a body plan formed?

A

embryonic folding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is organogenesis?

A

formation of organs and organ systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what occurs during the foetal period? (5)

A 
growth and weight gain 
tissues mature and become functional 
overt sexual differentiation 
bone laid down 
connections made in CNS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the primary processes for formation of an embryo? (6)

A 
cell division 
differentiation 
cell attachment 
apoptosis 
induction 
cell migration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the secondary processes in the formation of an embryo?

A

axis formation/polarity

folding/rotation

18
Q

what does meiosis cause in gametogenesis?

A

genetic variation

19
Q

how long does spermatogenesis take and when does it begin?

A

64 days

20
Q

what is oogenesis?

A

the formation of female gametes

21
Q

when is oogenesis arrested and restarted?

A

arrested in prophase at weeks 28-30

restarted in puberty

22
Q

what is nondisjunction?

A

chromosome doesn’t split and both are pulled to one side, meaning theres three copies when joined with the other gamete

23
Q

what is established at gastrulation and what happens if this goes wrong?

A

body axes are established

structures can be in the wrong place

24
Q

what is posterior called in an embryo?

A

dorsal

25
Q

what is anterior called in an embryo?

A

ventral

26
Q

what is superior called in an embryo?

A

cranial

27
Q

what is inferior called in an embryo?

A

caudal

28
Q

what is weeks 3-8 of development called?

A

embryonic period

29
Q

what is weeks 9-40 of development called?

A

foetal period

30
Q

what is fertilisation?

A

fusion of sperm and an oocyte

31
Q

what is formed by cleavage over days 1-4?

A

morula and then a blastocyst

32
Q

what is gastrulation?

A

formation of the germ layers at week 3

33
Q

when does an embryo have a large gain in height and weight?

A 
height = 2nd trimester 
weight = 3rd trimester
34
Q

what is weeks 0-3 of development called?

A

conceptus/embryo

35
Q

what week is critical for birth defects?

A

5

36
Q

what is gametogenesis?

A

the formation of gametes

37
Q

what is a gamete?

A

a haploid sex cell (23 chromosomes)

38
Q

what stages make up gametogenesis?

A

mitosis and meiosis

39
Q

what is spermatogenesis?

A

the formation of male gametes

40
Q

what are the germ layers from outer to inner?

A

ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

PRINCIPLES (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions