Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

When does neurulation begin

A

Week 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is neurulation

A

Formation of the neural tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe formation of the neural tube

A

Notochord releases signalling molecules causing the overlying ectoderm to convert to neurectoderm
Lateral edges of neural plate elevate to form neural folds
Neural folds fuse in midline to form the neural tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Direction of neural tube formation

A

Fusion of folds begins in cervical region and progresses in both directions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are neuropores

A

Anterior and posterior

Where the neural folds haven’t fused yet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the neural tube defects

A

Spina bifida
Anencephaly
Rachischisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pathophysiology of spina bifida

A

Posterior neural tube fails to close so there is no vertebral arch formation in a region of the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Consequences of spina bifida

A

Neurological deficit

Hydrocephalus - causes cognitive delay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Types of spina bifida and how they differ

A

Meningocoele - spinal cord stays within vertebrae therefore cyst in back only contains CSF

Myelomeningocoele - spinal cord doesn’t stay within vertebrae therefore cyst in back contains CSF and part of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pathophysiology of anencephaly

A

Failure of the anterior neuropore to close leading to absence of a brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pathophysiology of rachischisis

A

Failure of neural plate elevation so there is no neural tube formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How can neural tube defects be detected in utero

A

Ultrasound scan

Maternal serum alpha fetoprotein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How to prevent neural tube defects

A

Folic acid supplements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does the spinal cord develop in relation to the vertebral column

A

Spinal cord stops growing at 3rd month but vertebral column continues to grow
This leads to formation of the cauda equina as the spinal roots must elongate to exit at their respective intervertebral foramina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the conus medullaris and where is it

A

End of the spinal cord

L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the primary brain vesicles

A

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

17
Q

What secondary brain vesicles develop from the forebrain

A

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

18
Q

What secondary brain vesicles develop from the midbrain

A

Mesencephalon

19
Q

What secondary brain vesicles develop from the hindbrain

A

Metencephalon

Myelencephalon

20
Q

What is derived from each of the secondary brain vesicles

A 
Telencephalon - cerebral hemispheres
Diencephalon - thalamus
Mesencephalon - midbrain
Metencephalon - pons and cerebellum 
Myelencephalon - medulla oblongata
21
Q

What are the neural flexures

A

Cervical flexure - at junction between spinal cord and hindbrain
Cephalic flexure - in the region of the midbrain

22
Q

What are the ventricular system derivatives of the secondary brain vesicles

A 
Telencephalon - lateral ventricles 
Diencephalon - third ventricle 
Mesencephalon - cerebral aqueduct 
Metencephalon - fourth ventricle  
Myelencephalon - fourth ventricle
23
Q

Most common cause of hydrocephalus

A

Spina bifida

24
Q

Treatment for hydrocephalus

A

Shunt into peritoneum or IJV

25
Q

Layers of the neural tube from outer to inner

A

Marginal
Intermediate or mantle
Neuroepithelial

26
Q

What are the types of neural plates and what do they control (include their location and function)

A

Roof plate: is dorsal and controls differentiation to the alar plate which has sensory function

Floor plate: is ventral and controls differentiation to the basal plate which has motor function

27
Q

Describe migration of neural crest cells

A

Arise from lateral neurectoderm

Enter mesoderm and undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transformation

28
Q

What is derived from neural crest cells

A 
Dorsal root ganglia 
Autonomic ganglia
Glia
Leptomeninges 
Adrenal medulla
Melanocytes
Dermis of face
C cells of thyroid
29
Q

Examples of neural crest defects

A

Hirshpring’s disease

Di George syndrome

Neuro (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions