Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro > Anatomy, aphasia, consciousness and memory > Flashcards

Anatomy, aphasia, consciousness and memory Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of midbrain (Micky mouse)

A 
Ears - cerebral peduncles
Eyebrows - substantia nigra 
Eyes - red nuclei (axons of CNVIII)
Nose - CNVIII nuclei
Mouth - cerebral aqueduct
Around mouth - PAG
Chin - superior calliculi and tectum 
Tears - ascending tracts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Functions of frontal lobe of cortex

A 
Motor function
Speech expression
Inhibition
Cognition
Eye movements
Continence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Functions of parietal lobe of cortex

A

Sensory function
Speech comprehension
Attention - awareness of environment
Calculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Functions of temporal lobe of cortex

A

Hearing
Olfaction
Memory
Emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Functions of occipital lobe of cortex

A

Vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is cerebral dominance

A

95% have left hemisphere dominance
Meaning left side is responsible for sequential processing e.g language and logic
Right side is responsible for whole picture processing e.g body image, attention and emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What areas are used in the language pathways

A

Wernicke’s area in temporal lobe

Broca’s area in inferolateral frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function of Broca’s area

A

Production of speech, is anatomically adjacent to motor part of frontal lobe controlling face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Function of Wernicke’s area

A

Interpretation of speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What connects Broca’s and Wernicke’s area

A

Arcuate fasciculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Differentiate Broca’s and Wernicke’s aphasia

A

Broca’s - can understand instructions and follow them but answers to questions are incomprehensible

Wernicke’s - can speak fluently but answers to questions are inappropriate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Classes of memory

A

Explicit or declarative (factual)

Implicit or nondeclarative (motor skills and emotion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are the types of memory stored in general

A

Explicit in cortex

Implicit in cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What increases consolidation of memory into long term memories

A

Emotional context
Rehearsal
Association

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Function of hippocampus in consolidating memory

A

Integrates input (visual, auditory, limbic) and repeats message to cortex to increase strength of connection via increased neurotransmitter release and increased presynaptic branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is arousal and consciousness

A

Arousal - emotional state associated with a goal or avoidance of a noxious stimulus

Consciousness - awareness of external world and internal states

17
Q

How is consciousness controlled

A

Cortex stimulates the reticular formulation which then stimulates the cortex creating a positive feedback loop

18
Q

What is the reticular formation

What are the inputs and outputs

A

Population of specialised interneurones in the brainstem receiving input from the sensory system and cortex
Output to reticular activating system

19
Q

What is contained in the RAS and what stimulates the cortex in each case

A

Thalamus - glutamate
Hypothalamus - histamine
Basal forebrain nuclei - acetylcholine

20
Q

How to assess consciousness

A

GCS: /4 eye opening, /6 motor response, /5 verbal response

Electroencephalogram

21
Q

Describe brain death

A

Flat EEG

Widespread cortical and brainstem damage

22
Q

Describe coma

A

Disordered EEG, no detectable sleep wake cycle, unresponsive to psychologically meaningful stimuli
Widespread cortical and brainstem damage

23
Q

Describe post vegetative state

A

Disordered EEG, detectable sleep wake cycle, brain stem reflexes present, spontaneous eye opening
Widespread cortical damage

24
Q

Describe locked in syndrome

A

All somatic motor functions are lost from pons down (eye movements may be preserved)
Basilar or pontine artery occlusion

25
Q

How does sleep occur

A

Inhibition of positive feedback between cortex and RAS leads to decreased cortical activity
Possibly due to removal of sensory input

26
Q

What are the stages of sleep

A

6 cycles of progression from awake to stage 4 with periodic rapid changes to REM

27
Q

What changes from stage 1-4

A

Cortical neuronal frequency decreases and amplitude increases because of synchronicity

28
Q

What happens in REM

A

Muscle tone of body lost due to RF and reticulospinal tract

Eye movements, CN functions e.g bruxism, and autonomic functions e.g erection are preserved

29
Q

What stimulates REM

A

Neurones in the pons

30
Q

Type of waves present in each stage of sleep

A 
REM/awake - beta 
Eyes closed - alpha 
Stage 1 - alpha and beta
Stage 2-3 - theta, sleep spindles and k complexes 
Stage 4 - delta waves
31
Q

What are sleep spindles

A

Thalamic activity during sleep aiming to ‘wake’ cortex

32
Q

What are k complexes

A

First signs of intrinsic rate during sleep

33
Q

Functions of sleep

A

Bodily repair
Clearing extracellular debris
Memory consolidation

34
Q

Describe sleep apnoea

A

Excessive daytime sleepiness due to hypoxia episodes waking you up at night
Main cause is obesity

Neuro (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions