Embryology

Question 1

Which TF specifies the esophagus?

Answer 1

SOX2

Question 2

Which TF specifies the duodenum and pancreas?

Answer 2

PDX1

Question 3

Which TF specifies small intestine?

Answer 3

CDXC

Question 4

Which TF specifies large intestine?

Answer 4

CDXA

Question 5

Where does the greater splanchnic nerve come from?

Answer 5

T5-9

Question 6

Where does the lesser splanchnic nerve come from?

Answer 6

T9-12

Question 7

Where does the least splanchnic nerve come from?

Answer 7

T12-L2

Question 8

What happens when the vitelline duct stays open?

Answer 8

Meckel’s diverticulum

Question 9

What does atresia mean?

Answer 9

when it’s completely blocked off

Question 10

when the stomach rotates what do the left and right vagus nerves become?

Answer 10

anterior and posterior vagal trunks

Question 11

What insctructs the gut endoderm to express liver specific genes?

Answer 11

FGF2 in the cardiac mesoderm and BMPs secreted by the septum transversum

Question 12

What are the sinusoids of the liver made out of?

Answer 12

vitelline vessels

Question 13

What was the ligamentum teres hepatis?

Answer 13

the left umbilical vein

Question 14

Menkes disease

Answer 14

cells cant absorb copper—> kinky hair

Question 15

Wilson’s disease

Answer 15

copper is not eliminated properly and instead accumulates (fleischer ring in the eyeball)

Question 16

What TF is involved with cells secreting insulin, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide?

Answer 16

PAX4

Question 17

Which TF is involved with cells secreting glucagon?

Answer 17

PAX6

Question 18

What does volvulus mean?

Answer 18

abnormal twisting of the intestine causing obstruction

Question 19

What does intussusception mean?

Answer 19

The enfolding of one segment of the intestine within another

Question 20

What is Gastroschisis?

Answer 20

failure of anterior abdominal wall musculature to close during folding
*in this one, the gut contents are not surrounded by membrane

Question 21

What is an omphalocele?

Answer 21

where the midgut loop fails to return to abdominal cavity

Question 22

Prune belly syndrome?

Answer 22

where the anterior abdominal wall musculature is deficient or absent

Question 23

Hirschsprung’s disease

Answer 23

motor disorder of the colon that causes a functional intestinal obstruction
-both plexuses are affected… no parasympathetic innervation means no peristalsis