Embryology

Question 1

Induction

Answer 1

Influence of one group of cells on the development of another, through physical contact or chemical signaling

Question 2

Cytoplasmic Distribution

Answer 2

Different amounts of cytoplasm signal different organelles and cytoplasmic structures.

Question 3

Amnion

Answer 3

Formed from epiblast
Surrounds fluid-filled cushion that protects the developing embryo
Present in birds, lizards, and humans

Question 4

Allantois

Answer 4

Mammalian waste transporter

Later it becomes the umbilical cord, which carrier oxygen, food, and waste back and forth from placenta to embryo

Question 5

Chorion

Answer 5

Formed from the trophoblast
Site of implantation onto the endometrium
Contributes to the formation of the placenta in mamals

Question 6

Yolk Sac

Answer 6

Derived from the hypoblast
Site of early blood cell creation in humans
Source of nutrients for bird and reptile embryos

Question 7

Somite

Answer 7

Structure that gives rise to the muscles and vertebrae in mammals

Question 8

Neural Tube

Answer 8

Embryonic structure that gives rise to the central nervous system

Question 9

Neural Groove

Answer 9

Gutterlike groove formed in the midline of the embryon’s dorsal surface by the progressive elevation of the lateral margins of the neural plate, resulting in the formation of the neural tube

Question 10

Neural Plate

Answer 10

Structure that becomes the neural groove, which eventually becomes the nerual tube
This neural tube later gives rise to the central nervouse sustem

Question 11

Notochord

Answer 11

Structure that serves to support the body

Found in the embryos of chordates

Question 12

Ectoderm

Answer 12

Outer germ layer

Gives rise to nervous system, skin, hair and nails

Question 13

Mesoderm

Answer 13

Intermediate germ layer
Gives rise to muscle, the circulatory system, reproductive system, excretory organs, bones, and connective tissues of the gut and exterior of the body

Question 14

Endoderm

Answer 14

Inner germ layer

Gives rise to the lining of the gut and the digestive system, liver, thryroid, lungs and bladder

Question 15

Three Germ layers of the Epiblast

Answer 15

Endoderm
Mesoderm
Ectorderm

Question 16

Inner Cell Mass

Answer 16

Portion of the blastula that develops into the embryo

Question 17

Trophoblast

Answer 17

Forms the placenta for the developing fetus, and aids in attachment ot the endometrium
This structure also produces human chorionic gonadotropin (HCP), which maintains the endometrium by ensuring the contiunued producitno of progesterone.

Question 18

Blastula

Answer 18

What the embryo is called when it has become thirty-two cells
By this time it is implanted in the endometrial wall

Question 19

Morula

Answer 19

What the embryo is called when it has become sixteen cells

Question 20

Hans Spemann

Answer 20

His experiments revealed that the notochord induces cells of the dorsal ectoderm to develop into the neural plate
When cells from the notochord of an embryo are transplanted to a different place near the ectoderm, the neural plate will develop in the new location.

Question 21

Homeotic Genes

Answer 21

Genes that regulate or direct the body plan of organisms