Digestive system Flashcards
Pancreatic Lipase
The major fat-digesting enzyme of the body
Bile
Produced in the liver
Stored in the gall bladder
Contains bile salts, phospholipids, cholesterol, and bile pigments such as bilirubin
Assists lipase in the digestion of fats
Dumped into the small intestine upon the arrival of food
Bile salts
Contained in bile
Help digest fat by emulsifying fat into small droplets contained in water
Pancreatic Amylase
Enzyme that continues that digestion of carbohydrates into simpler sugars
Trypsin
Works with chymotrypsin to handle the digestion of peptides in the human diet
Cuts peptide bonds next to arginine and lysine
Chymotrypsin
Works wit trypsin to handle the digestion of peptides in the human diet
Cuts peptide bonds by phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine
Exopeptidases
Enzymes that complete the digestion of proteins by hydrolyzing all the amino acids of the remaining fragments not digested by trypsin or chymotrypsin
Three Main Parts of the Large Intestine
Ascending colon, Transverse colon and Descending colon
Two main functions of the colon
Reabsorbs water used in the digestive process
Excretes salts when their concentration in the blood is too high
Brush Border
Composed of a large amount of microvilli and increases the surface area of the small intestine to improve absorptive effiency
Small Intestine Walls
Are arranged in folds and ridge, which have more waving structures called villi
Had brush border
Pyloric Sphincter
Passageway between the stomach and the small intestine
Creation of Pepsin
Glands in the stomach secrete pepsinogen-the precursor to pepsin
Pepsinogen is activated into pepsin by HCl
Pepsin
Major enzyme of the stomach, which breaks proteins down into smaller polypeptides to be handled by the intestines
Esophageal Sphincter
Valve that is usually closed to prevent food from returning back up the esophagus to the mouth
