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GI Midterm > Embryo > Flashcards

Embryo Flashcards

1
Q

What is an annular pancreas?

A

Where the duodenum is obstructed (remember drawing). If stenosis is below bile duct, then vomit is bilious.

2/3 of patients = asymptomatic

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2
Q

What is omphalocele? What week does this happen?

A

When the bowel does not return to the body cavity.

Week 10

*NOT and umbilical hernia*

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3
Q

What does the septum transversum become?

A

central tendon

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4
Q

What week does the tracheoesophageal fistula form?

A

Week 5

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5
Q

At what week does the bile duct form?

A

12 weeks

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

What comes from endoderm?

A

Epithelium

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8
Q

The pancreas head comes from what?

A

Ventral primordia

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9
Q

What cells make up the mesoderm of the liver?

A

Stroma + cutler cells + hematopoietic cells

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10
Q

What does the mesentery give rise to?

A

Double layer of peritoneum (visceral layer)

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11
Q

What is the blood supply, nerves, and lymph for superior from hindgut of anal canal?

A

Inferior Mesenteric A.

Autonomic N.S.

Inferior Mesenteric L.N.’s

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12
Q

Describe midgut rotation (where intestines go out and then come back in).

At what weeks does this happen? Total rotation?

A

Out @ 6 weeks

In @ 10 weeks

Rotates 90 degrees while in umbilical cord, then 180 degrees when it comes back

Total 260 degrees rotation

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13
Q

What comes from ectoderm?

A

mouth + anal canal

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14
Q

What does the ventral mesentery form?

A

Falciform L.

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15
Q

How many layers does the greater omentum (apron) have?

A

4

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16
Q

What does the dorsal mesentery of the esophagus (crura) become for diaphragm?

A

Right/left crus of diaphragm

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17
Q

How would you get an anorectal malformation?

A

If endoderm (top of anus) + ectoderm (actual hole @ bottom) do not meet at the right place!

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18
Q

What week does the stomach form?

A

week 4

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19
Q

What comes from NC?

A

Autonomic ganglion

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20
Q

What cells is the liver made of?

A

Endoderm (most organs)

21
Q

What is the blood supply of the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric A.

22
Q

What does the parietal layer give rise to?

A

Lines body wall (somatic layer)

23
Q

What is Hirschsprung Disease? Embryological Mechanism?

A

“mega colon”

Neural Crest Cell Problem

Absence of Autonomic Ganglia cells where constricted (so feces builds up behind it where bowel is still contracting)

24
Q

What comes from the foregut?

A

*All structures below diaphragm*

esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, proximal duodenum

25
Q

What is the blood supply of the foregut?

A

Celiac trunk A.

26
Q

What does the dorsal mesogasrium form?

A

Greater omentum

Splenorenal L.

Gastroleinal L.

*stomach –> posterior body wall*

27
Q

What is congenital diaphragmatic hernia?

A

Herniation into the thoracic cavity due to the failure of components of the diaphragm to fuse properly

28
Q

What weeks does the spleen help with hematopoiesis?

A

Weeks 9-28

29
Q

What is the blood supply of the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric A.

It is the axis (herniating to umbilical cord)

30
Q

The cloacal membrane includes the urogenital membrane and the anal membrane. What do these become? What germ layer are they made out of?

A

Bladder + urethra

Anus

Endo + Ectoderm (want them to rupture)

31
Q

What is Meckel’s Diverticulum?

A

The vitelline duct (ileum to abdominal wall) does not regress, and therefore feces comes out of the belly button.

Rule of 2’s

32
Q

At what week is the spleen formed? What germ layer is it?

A

Week 5

Mesoderm

33
Q

What comes from midgut?

A

small intestine, cecum, appendix, colon (transverse)

34
Q

The cloaca becomes what?

A

Anus

35
Q

What is a congenital diaphragmatic hernia?

A

Where the intestines get pushed up into the thorax!!

Defective fusion/formation of the pleuroperitoneal membranes (large opening in diaphragm)

Most occur on LEFT side

-Herniation of abdominal contents, hypoplastic lungs, polyhydraminos-

36
Q

What comes from mesoderm?

A

Splanchnic Mesoderm (smooth M.)

37
Q

What ventral outgrowth forms the liver + gallbladder?

A

Hepatic diverticulum

38
Q

What is the blood supply, nerves, and lymph for inferior from proctodeum of anal canal?

A

Middle + Inferior Rectal

Pudendal (somatic N.) *voluntary control*

Superficial Inhuinal L.N.’s

39
Q

The pancreas body comes from what?

A

Dorsal primordia

40
Q

What is hypertrophic pyloric stenosis? What plane does it happen at?

A

Where muscles of the pylorus hypertrophy (knot @ bottom of stomach) and food has nowhere to go —> “projectile vomiting”

Happens at L1: Transpyloric plane

41
Q

What does the ventral mesogastrium form?

A

Lesser omentum

*stomach –> liver*

42
Q

Where does a congenital inguinal hernia appear?

A

Indirect (deep ring)

Trapping/Constricting of intestines

43
Q

What comes from hindgut?

A

Rest of colon, rectum, anal canal, bladder, urethra

44
Q

Striated muscle comes from…?

A

Pharyngeal arches 4+6

45
Q

What is the mesentery made out of?

A

Double layer of splanchnic mesoderm. It allows blood vessels + nerves to reach the organs

Dorsal = posterior

Ventral = anterior

46
Q

What is gastroschisis? At what week does this happen?

A

When the body wall does not close (no sac). Herniation of abdominal contents due to muscular defect in abdominal wall.

Week 4

47
Q

What is a tracheoesophageal fistula?

A

Trachea + Esophagus fuse

Coiling NG tube = diagnosis

Polyhydramnios

48
Q

The main pacreatic duct comes from what?

A

Ventral pancreatic duct

GI Midterm (8 decks)

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