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Clin Med IV: Emergency Medicine > EM Shock (incomplete) > Flashcards

EM Shock (incomplete) Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

What is the equation for cardiac output

A

HR x SV

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2
Q

what is stroke volume determined by

A

preload, contractility and afterload

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3
Q

what is the equation for BP

A

CO x systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

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4
Q

what is SVR determined by

A

determined by blood viscosity, vascular tone and vessel length

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5
Q

What is the equation for shock index

A

HR / SBP

Normal 0.5-0.7, if >1 = decreased LV function

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6
Q

what occurs if shock is not treated

A

irreversible ischemic damage
- compensatory mechanisms are not able to keep up
- multiorgan failure

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7
Q

What is inotropy

A

speed and contractibility of the myocardium
autonomic input
increase will imporve the functionality at higher HR

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8
Q

what is chronotropy

A

heart rate

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9
Q

what is lusitropy

A

relaxation that allow for cardiac filling

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10
Q

What is the definition of shock

A

imbalance of O2 supply and O2 demand

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11
Q

What are distributive shocks

A

a Shift:
septic, anaphylaxis, neurogenic shock

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12
Q

what are the types of shock

A

distributive
obstructive
cardiogenic
hypovolemic

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13
Q

what occurs duirng distributive shock

A

intravascular volume is low d/t systemic vasodilation
will have decreased preload, increased SVR
high mortality with septic shock

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14
Q

what is a rapid onset of severe inappropriate reaction from the immune system to exposure

A

anaphylaxis

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15
Q

What is the immediate anaphylaxis management

A

epinepherine IM

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16
Q

what is the minimum length of hospital stay after epi administration

A

4 hours

17
Q

What are second line medication management for anaphylaxis

A

steroids: methylpred
antihistamine: benadryl
H22 blocker: ranititine
inhaled bronchodilator: albuterol neb

18
Q

What is the goal MAP for septic shock

A

65

19
Q

What is SIRS

A

Systmic inflammatory response syndrome
- inappropriate response to stressor

20
Q

what is the treatment of cardiogenic shock

A

can give small bolus but watch carefully
maintain MAP to perfuse brain and heart
vasopressors to increase MAP

21
Q

what occurs with hypovolemic shock

A

body tries to compensate through autonomic response with increase SVR

m/c cause is GI bleed

22
Q

what occurs with obstructive shock

A

increased SVR, decrease CO

23
Q

what is the most common cause of obstructive shock

A

PE or severe pulmonary HTN

Clin Med IV: Emergency Medicine (18 decks)

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