EM renal Flashcards
10% to 30% of newborns with antenatal hydronephrosis have _____ and are at risk of renal scarring from urinary tract infection.
vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)
In infants with culture-proven UTI, fewer than half have
pyuria.
typically presents with failure to thrive, polyuria, and constipation.
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA), one type of metabolic acidosis. It is a defect either in H+ excretion or HCO3- production.
In distal or Type I RTA, the distal tubular sodium hydrogen exchange system is defective, resulting in
a primary sodium loss and progressing to an associated bicarbonate loss.
Most authorities recommend _______ of all girls younger than 5-6 years of age at the first episode of a UTI and in all boys with the first episode at any age.
radiological investigation
is the most common cause of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Lithium
______ best demonstrates target-organ damage due to hypertension.
Echocardiogram. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)
In children younger than 6 years, presence of nephrotic syndrome with absence of hypertension, hypocomplementemia, and azotemia strongly suggests
minimal change disease (lipoid nephrosis).
There are several diseases characterized by renal disease and pulmonary hemorrhage. However, the hallmark of Goodpasture syndrome is the existence of
circulating IgG anti-GBM (glomerular basement membrane) antibody in the serum.
presence of ________ obtained by transurethral catheterization has been proposed as criterion for diagnosis for UTI.
more than 50,000 colonies/mL
Children between 2 months and 2 years of age should have urine obtained either by
suprapubic aspiration or transurethral catheterization when searching for a possible UTI.
Acute illnesses or strenuous exercise occurring with hematuria in the adolescent population is most commonly due to
immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). It is one of the most common worldwide immune-mediated glomerulonephritis, occurring mostly in older children and young adults. Granular deposits of IgA and C3 in the glomerular mesangium, and IgA immune complexes from circulation are seen.
The microscopic appearance of urine can help to determine if the hematuria is of glomerular or nonglomerular origin. Glomerular findings may include
RBC casts, dysmorphic RBCs, and proteinuria, as well as brown-colored urine. Nonglomerular findings may include blood clots and eumorphic RBCs in reddish or pink urine.
___ involves failure of external sphincter to relax during voiding in children without any other neurologic abnormality (non neurogenic- neurogenic bladder). It typically manifests with day and night wetting, staccato urinary stream (in contrast to normal voiding in the above child), recurrent UTIs, constipation, and encopresis due to failure of the relaxation of the pelvic floor during defecation.
Hinman syndrome. It is also called detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia.
_____ is due to infrequent voiding - usually twice or three times a day - leading to over distension of the bladder and prolonged retention of urine, causing recurrent UTIs.
Lazy bladder syndrome
