EM growth and development Flashcards
______ has been shown to be a better predictor of neonatal survival than umbilical artery blood pH values.
The 5-minute Apgar score
Disorders of attachment may result from inconsistent care giving and may be more common if there are family stressors such as poverty, drug use, or emotional illness. These affected toddlers may show no interest in exploring their environment, may display separation problems, or distrust the primary caregiver, which is evidenced
by not seeking out the primary caregiver, his mother.
Blood Group Phenotypes A B O AB
Blood Group Genotypes AA or AO BB or BO OO AB
Rh Factor Phenotypes
+
-
Rh Factor Genotypes
+/+ or +/-
-/-
is a common innocent murmur frequently heard in children between 3 and 8 years of age. It occurs due to the turbulence created by venous return from the head and neck into the jugular vein.
venous hum. It is found mostly at the right upper sternal border and can radiate to the upper left sternal border or into the right lower neck. It varies in intensity between grades II to III/VI.
Growth velocity is highest during
infancy; an infant triples his birth weight, increases 50% of his birth length, and increases 10cm in head circumference during the 1st year of life.
An average infant born at term, whose birth weight is about 3.25 kgs, length is 50 cm and head circumference is 35 cm, normally on his 1st birthday.
weighs about 10 kgs, has a length of 75cm, and has a head circumference of 45 cm
About ____ of boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy have learning disabilities and about 5% are classified as mentally retarded.
1/3
Stuttering is a speech disability characterized by abnormal dysfluency with involuntary repetition of sounds, syllables and words, prolongations, blocks, interjections, revisions, word avoidance and/or substitutions, and speech avoidance. A familial component has been delineated. It occurs in 1-2% of the population and in all cultures and languages.
The male to female ratio is 3:1. Complications include emotional distress, social withdrawal, and behavioral, affective and cognitive reactions, which are sometimes worse than the speech disability itself. Spontaneous resolution may occur in 80% of individuals. Speech therapy is necessary for treatment.
The differential diagnosis includes developmental dysfluency, which is characterized by a lack of awareness of the speech pattern, onset at approximately 2-3 years, spontaneous resolution, and word and phrase repetitions much more common than sound and syllable repetitions.
Other diagnostic possibilities include cluttering, involving rapid, irregular speech that impedes intelligibility; spasmodic dysphonia, a voice disorder with momentary disruption of voice caused by involuntary movements of the muscles of the larynx, and seen usually in adults; and neurogenic stuttering occurring after an injury to the central nervous system, such as a stroke or closed head trauma.
_______ has been shown in a recent study of 400 children who met diagnostic criteria for ADHD to improve hyperactivity, impulsivity, and socialization scores; attention scores were not affected.
Zinc supplementation
______ is a developmental screening tool used for identification of general developmental delay in a general primary care population. It is a brief response form that takes about 2 minutes to elicit and interpret parental concerns that is comprehensive, user-friendly, and has published validation studies.
Parent’s Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS). It helps to manage a wide range of psychosocial issues that arise in offices, offering a high degree of accuracy.
