ELS REVIEWER EXAM Flashcards by dy .y

a Systematized body of Knowledge that is base on facts and evidences

Science

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Knowledge

Scientia

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To know

Scire

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Study of the universe, planet’s origin, and members of solar system

Astronomy

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Study of materials and processes that operate beneath and upon earth’s surface

geology

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Study of composition and movements of seawater, coastal processes, seafloor, topography and marine life

oceanography

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Study of atmosphere and elements that produce weather

METEOROLOGY

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Study of the universe, including its properties, structure, and evolution

COSMOLOGY

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Terrestrial Planet

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

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Jovian Planet

Jupiter , Saturn, Uranus , Neptune

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MOST IMPORTANT THING IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM

SUN

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Three layers of earth

Crust, Mantle , Core

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Two types of Crust

Oceanic , Continental

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All the energy and the matter of the Universe were composed into hot and dense state.

Big Bang Theory

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The Universe has always been the same since the beginning and will remain in its present state until eternity.

Steady State Theory

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State that God, the supreme being, created the whole Universe out of nothing

Creationist Theory

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DISCONTINUOUS LAYER OF WATER AT OR NEAR EARTH’S SURFACE

Hydrosphere

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It Is A Mixture Of Gases That Surround The Planet.

Atmosphere

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THE SOLID OUTER SECTION OF THE EARTH

Geosphere

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It Contains Entirely Of Earth’s Living Things.

Biosphere

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Change In Frequency Of A Wave In Relation To An Observer Who Is Moving Relative To The Wave Source.

Doppler Effect

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An Increase In The Wavelength, And Corresponding Decrease In Frequency.

RedShift

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These are naturally occurring inorganic solids with crystalline structure, homogenous solid with chemical composition which may be fixed or vary within certain limits.

Minerals

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A person who studies minerals

Mineralogist

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Study of Minerals

Mineralogy

the color of the mineral.

COLOR

the color of mineral in powder form. The mineral is rubbed on a ___ plate to determine its color.

Streak

describe how minerals break into pieces.

Cleavage and F r a c t u r e -

Indicate the extent of light that can pass through the mineral.

Transparency/Diaphaneity-

the mineral’s ability to hold its particles together or the mineral’s level of resistance to stress such as bending, breaking, crushing, or tearing.

Tenacity

shows how much light is reflected in a mineral.

Luster

The distinct smell of a mineral that is usually released from a chemical reaction manifested when the mineral is subjected to water,\heat, air and friction.

Odor

It is the measure of the density of the mineral.

Specific Gravity

Aggregation of minerals and mineraloids

Rocks

are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at Earth's surface

Sedimentary rocks

It Is Formed From The Cooling And Solidification Of Magma.

Igneous Rocks

It Form From Slowly Cooled Magma Below The Surface.

Intrusive Igneous Rocks

It Form From Slowly Cooled Magma/lava Above The Surface

Extrusive Igneous Rocks

are formed from other rocks that are changed because of heat or pressure

Metamorphic rocks

It Is A Remnant Of Any Ancient Animal Or Plant That Has Been Preserved In Rock.

Fossils

Are Processes That Takes Place At Or Near The Earths Surface That Makes The Surface Wear Away. They Are Responsible Of The Degradation And Sculpting Of The Earths Surface.

Exogenic Process

is the process by which exposed rock is broken down into small pieces by the elements of nature (wind, rain, ice, chemical actions, plants, etc.)

Weathering

The Separation And Removal Of Weathered And Unweather Rocks And Soil From Its Substrate Due To Gravity Or Transporting Agents. The Sediments Are Move From One Place To Another.

Erosion

The process by which the sediment settles out of the water or air carrying. Sediment is deposited when the wind or water slows down.

Deposition

The bottom layers get compacted by the weight of the layers above them.

Compaction

While compaction is going on, minerals in the rock slowly dissolve. The dissolved minerals seep into the spaces between the compacted sediment. They crystallize and glue the sediments together.

Cementation

layers or series of layers of rocks.

Strata

It Is A Reaction of Oxygen with Minerals In The Rock That Form Oxides.

Oxidation

River of Flowing mud

Slurry

An incline like a slide or a ramp

Slope

It Disintegrates Rocks Breaking In Smaller Fragments From A Larger Block Or Outcrop Rock Without Changing The Rocks Composition.

Physical Weathering

It Occurs When There Are Chemical Changes In The Composition Of The Rock.

Chemical Weathering

The Main Agent Of Erosion.

Moving water

It Is A Natural Process In Which A Material Is Carried To The Bottom Of Bodies Of Water And Forms To Solid.

Sedimentation

It Is A Model That Describes All The Processes By Which Rock Are Formed, Modified, Transported, Decomposed, Melted And Reformed.

Rock Cycle

It Is The Downslope Movement Of Rock, Soil And Due To Gravity.

Mass wasting

when weathered material remains in place and remains in its pure state

Regolith

When weathered material is removed from the site of weathering.

Sediments

Are Processes That Takes Place Beneath The Earths Surface That Shape The Land By Forces Coming From Within The Earth.

Endogenic Process

It Is the Fracturing and Displacement Of Brittle Rocks Strata Along A Fault Plane.

Folding and Faults

It Refers to The Change In The Original Shape And Size Of The Rock.

Deformation

The Resistance To The Flow (Antonym For Fluidity)

Viscosity

The Event When The Lava Is Spills Out Of The Volcano.

Eruption

It Is The Process When A Rock Changes Its Form Into A New One Without Undergo Melting Or Disintegration.

Stress

Ability Of A Rock Or Material To Handle Stress.

Strain

Fractures In Rocks That Shows Little Movement Or No Movement At All.

Joints

Are Extremely Long And Deep Break Or Large Crack In A Rock. Result Of Continuous Pushing Or Pulling.

Faults

It Is A Vibration In The Surface Of Earth Resulting From The Sudden Release Of Energy.

Earthquake

Originates In The Lower Part Of The Earth’s Crust And In The Upper Portion Of The Mantle Known As The Asthenosphere.

Magma

A Mixture Of Molten Rocks, Minerals And Gases

Magma

A Type Of Magma That Has The Highest Viscosity Level.

Felsic

A Type Of Magma That Has The Lowest Viscosity Level.

Ultra-Mafic

Involves The Upward Movement Of The Earth’s Mostly Solid Mantle. The Hot Material Rises To An Area Of Lower Pressure Through The Process Of Convection

Decompression Melting

Happens When Hot, Liquid Rock Intrudes Into The Earth’s Crust. As The Liquid Rock Solidifies, It Loses This Heat And Transfers It To The Surrounding Crust.

Heat Transfer

It Occurs When Water Or Carbon Dioxide Added On Rocks, These Affects The Melting Point Of The Rock When Added With Water Beneath The Earth It Generates Magma.

Flux Melting