ELM 5.2

Question 1

idiopathic hypertension is also known as

Answer 1

primary hypertension

Question 2

The difference between the pressure in the heart when it is filling and when it is contracting is termed the:

Answer 2

pulse pressure

Question 3

The systolic pressure is :

Answer 3

the pressure when the heart is contractin

Question 4

the diastolic pressure is:

Answer 4

the pressure when the heart is filling

Question 5

the NICE recommended treatment for patients aged over 40 with mild (stage 1) hypertension but who are otherwise healthy is:

Answer 5

life style interventions

Question 6

what is the projected number of deaths due to cardiovascular disease worldwide by 2030?

Answer 6

25 million

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for primary hypertension?
age
high alcohol intake
polycystic kidney disease
poor maternal diet

Answer 7

polycycstic kidney diseas

Question 8

define first line treatment

Answer 8

drugs that are usually chosen as initial treatment for a patient

Question 9

second line / adjunct (adjuvant) treatments

Answer 9

second line - if they are being tried after the primary ones, adjuct if they are in addition to the first line treament

Question 10

What did the ASCOT trials find?

Answer 10

Blood pressure control was slightly better with amlodipine vs atenolol. However, the overall risk of cardiovascular disease was significantly lower with amlodipine compared to atenolol.

Question 11

What did the ALLHAT trials find?

Answer 11

Chlortalidone was superior to amlodipine and lisinopril - patients on chlortalidone had lower rates of heart failure and stroke than the other drugs. Chlortalidone also gave slightly better blood pressure control. There was no difference in the rate of heart attacks between the groups. No major gender differences were noted

Question 12

What drug does NICE recommend as a first line treatment for hypertension in the UK?

Answer 12

calcium channel blocker

Question 13

Martin is 56 and white British. Olu is 52 and is black British of Nigerian ancestry. They are good friends and decide to go to their GP to get their blood pressures checked. Both are diagnosed with moderate hypertension and are started on antihypertensive drugs. Given their ages and racial backgrounds, the doctor consults the NICE guidelines prescribes them:

Answer 13

calcium channel blocker (for both)

Question 14

a clinical trial that demonstrated calcium channel blockers and ACE inhibitors to be superior to beta blockers and diuretics was the ___ trial

Answer 14

ASCOT