Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History > Elizbeth > Flashcards

Elizbeth Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards World History 101 flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards
1
Q

What is The Royal Court

A

Made up of some of the most powerful people in the country including 500 nobles, advisors and servants who were collectively known as courtiers and who surrounded the monarch on a daily basis. The royal court resided in different places such as Whitehall Palace and Hampton Court and they could influence the decisions of the monarch.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Secretary of State

A

The most important Privy Council member was the Secretary of State. They advised her on important matters to the Crown. Sir William Cecil was her closest advisor throughout much of her reign.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Privy Chamber and Patronage

A

These members had the privilege of being in contact with Elizabeth on a daily basis. Many were women, her most trusted friends and personal attendants. The system of Patronage was to decide which male courtier to promote to higher offices. A system of favoritism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What was The Privy Council

A

These were the most powerful men in the country and organized the country in terms of town councils, justice system and constables. They were nobles, gentry and leading churchmen. They advised Elizabeth on affairs of the state e.g. religion and foreign policy. Elizabeth kept half of them from Mary’s Catholic reign and appointed new members

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What was Parliament

A

This consisted of two houses- The House of Lords and House of Commons. The House of Lords was more powerful in Elizabeth I’s reign, compared to the opposite today. The Queen needed their consent to pass laws and rise taxes, although rarely opposed. Elizabeth also had a veto over all laws passed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What did the Pope do to Elizabeth in 1570

A

He EXCOMMUNICATED her

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What was the importance of the Pope excommunicating Elizabeth

A

If Spain or France attacked Elizabeth it would mean God was on their side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What two countries were Elizabeth’s biggest threats

A

Spain and France (because they were Catholic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What advantage did France have over England

A

They had a higher population and more money

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Were Spain and France allies

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Did Spain have troops in Norway (Elizabeth)

A

No, the Netherlands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What was the religion of the majority of people in northern England (Tudor times)

A

Catholic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who was the earl of Northumberland (Elizabeth)

A

Thomas Percy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why did Thomas Percy want Elizabeth overthrown

A
  • He was Catholic
  • He had power under May 1st
  • He lost his power under Elizabeth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who was the Duke of Norfolk (Elizabeth)

A

Thomas Howard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why did Thomas Howard want Elizabeth overthrown

A
  • He was Protestant but came from a Catholic family

- He didn’t like Dudly who was Elizabeth’s main adviser and lover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who were the four main people involved in the Northern rebellion

A
  • Thomas Percy (earl of Northumberland)
  • Thomas Howard (Duke of Norfolk )
  • Charles Neville (Earl of Westmorland)
  • Mary Queen of Scots (probably)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What was the significance of the pope excommunicating Elizabeth

A

He called on all loyal Catholics to get Elizabeth off the throne (kill her)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are ways that Walsingham’s spy network was impactful

A

○His spies weren’t just in England. By 1580 he had spies in 12 French towns, 4 in Spain and 3 in Italy
○ He used code

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When was MQS executed

A

8th February 1587

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What did Elizabeth NOT do when signing the death warrant for MQS

A

Seal it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What were the two main reasons that MQS was executed

A

○ It removed an important threat to Elizabeth, there would be no more domestic Catholic plots against Elizabeth
○ It gave Philip of Spain another reason to invade England. Mary had left her claim to Phillip. He had been planning an attack on England since 1558 (the two countries were at war over the Netherlands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Who was involved in the Ridolfi plot

A 
Robert Ridolfi
King Philip of Spain
Mary Queen of Scots
The Pope
Duke of Norfolk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What were the aims of the Ridolfi plot

A

○Elizabeth to be assassinated and Mary Queen of Scots on the throne
○ 6 000 troops to land in Essex and start a rebellion
○ Mary Queen of Scots was to marry the Duke of Norfolk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What happened with the Ridolfi plot

A

○Cecil uncovers this by discovering letters between Spain and English men
○ The Duke of Norfolk was beheaded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What were the consequneces of the Ridolfi plot

A

○ There wasn’t evidence for Marry Queen of Scots but Cesil sensed more rebelions would follow
○ De Spes, the Spaish ambassador was expelled from England

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Who was involved in the Throckmorton Plot, 1583

A

French Catholics, backed by Papal and Spanish money. Francis Throckmorton was the go-between for the Spanish ambassador and Mary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What were the aims in the Throckmorton Plot, 1583

A

○The plan was for the French Duke of Guise, the cousin of Mary Queen of Scots, to invade England and restore Catholicism in England.
○Spain was to finance the plot and the Pope had given his approval for the plan
○ A young English man, Francis Throckmorton was to act as a go-between with Mary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What happened with the Throckmorton Plot, 1583

A

Once again Walsingham uncovered the plot. Throckmorton was captured in 1583 tortured confessed and was executed in May 1584

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What were the consequneces of the Throckmorton Plot, 1583

A

Life became more difficult for Catholics - 11 000 were imprisoned.
Act of Parliment in 1585 made helping catholic priests punished by death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Who was involed in The Babington Plot 1586

A

○ Mary Queen of Scots
○French Ambassador Sir Anthony Babington
○ It was backed by the Pope and King of Spain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What were the aims of The Babington Plot 1586

A

Place Mary on the throne, kill Elizabeth and re-established Catholicism as England’s religion with the help of the Spanish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What happened with The Babington Plot 1586

A

Unkown to Mary, Elizabeth ‘s spy master, Walisngham, had discovered the plot. The letters were allowed to be sent to allow the plot to unfold. In July 1586 Mary sent a coded letter approving the plot and consenting to the assasonationof Elizabeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What were the consequences of The Babington Plot 1586

A

○ The following month Babington and 6 others were hung drawn and quartered
○ Elizabeth’s government became determined to crush Catholicism with mass arrests of recusant, with over three hundred in London alone and the execution of 31 Catholic Priests
○ Relations with Spain got worse as England was assisting the Dutch rebels who were rebelling against Spanish rule
○ Mary was executed in 1587

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What was the Treaty if Berwick

A

In 1586, England and Scotland signed the Treaty of Berwick. This made England’s northern borders much more secure, enabling Elizabeth to focus on the Netherlands. The terms of the treaty were:
○ Elizabeth 1st and James VI agreed to maintain Protestantism as their countries’ religioun
○ Elizabeth 1st and James VI agreed to help each other if invaded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The battle of Cadiz was a success for who…

A

Elizabeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

(Spanish Armada) Who had more Commanders

A

England

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

(Spanish Armada) Who had more ships

A

England

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

(Spanish Armada) Who had more sailors

A

Spain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

(Spanish Armada) Who had more soldiers

A

It was the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

(Spanish Armada) Who had better food

A

England

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

(Spanish Armada) How many cannons did each side have

A

Spain - 2 000

England - 200

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

(Spanish Armada) What were the Spanish tac tics

A

Close combat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

(Spanish Armada) What were the English tac tics

A

Long range approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

(Spanish Armada) How much money did Spain spend on their navy

A

£3 000 000

46
Q

(Spanish Armada) How much money did England spend on their navy

A

£3 000 000

47
Q

(Spanish Armada) Who was in charge of the Spanish army

A

The Duke of Medina -Sedonia

48
Q

(Spanish Armada) What was the Spanish aim

A

Together they wold transport 27 000 troops to Kent and then the Duke of Parma would march on London , kill Elizabeth and impose a Catholic government

49
Q

(Spanish Armada) How many Spanish people were killed

A

20 000

50
Q

(Spanish Armada) How many English people were killed

A

100

51
Q

How many Spanish ships were sunk

A

51

52
Q

How many English ships were sunk

A

Zero

53
Q

What was Sir Francis Drake called in Spain

A

El Draque

54
Q

Who was the Duke of Median Sidonia

A

The leader of the Spanish Armada

55
Q

Why was the Duke of Median Sidonia a bad leader

A

He had little military experience

56
Q

(Spanish Armada) Who were the English commanders

A

○ Lord Howard
○ Sir John Hawkins
○ Sir Francis Drake

57
Q

By the time the Spanish got to England how long had they been at sea

A

10 weeks

58
Q

What were the three main reasons why Elizabeth wanted to explore the world

A

○ New technology made longer journey’s possible
○ Adventure and fortune
○ Rivalry with Spain

59
Q

What were the three main reasons why people thought actors were a threat to law and order

A

○There were a lot of pickpockets at theaters
○ People would skip work
○ Disease spread

60
Q

Which law (name and date) was passed that encouraged actors to build permanent theaters

A

Act of Parliament

1572

61
Q

What was education like for upper-class boys in Elizabethan England

A 
○Archery
○Horse riding
○Sunday school
○Private tutor until early teens
○ They were expected to go to university at the age of 14-15
62
Q

What was education like for upper-class girls in Elizabethan England

A 
○ Private tutor until early teens
○ Music 
○ Languages
○ Dancing
○ Needlework
○ Sunday school
63
Q

What was education like for well-off boys in Elizabethan England

A 
○Petty school 4-8
○ Sunday school
○ Grammar schools
○University apprenticeship 14-15
○ Did public speaking and debating
64
Q

What was education like for well-off girls in Elizabethan England?

A

○ Sunday school
○ Dame school (very few)
○Most stayed at home and were taught domestic skills

65
Q

What was education like for poor boys in Elizabethan England

A

○ Sunday school

○ No formal education

66
Q

What was education like for the poor girls in Elizabethan England

A

Sunday school

67
Q

What would the nobility/ gentry do for leisure in Elizabethan England

A

○ Hunting deer and other wild animals with hounds on horseback (men and women)
○ Fishing (men and women)
○ Fencing (men)
○ Real Tennis (men) and bowls were increasingly popular
○ Hawking- the Queen spent many hours with her trained falcons as they hunted. Only the rich could afford to do this

68
Q

What would the working people do for leisure in Elizabethan England

A

Football- There were no rules around how many players there were or the size of the pitch. It was often very violent and people were sometimes killed during matches

69
Q

What were activities everyone would do for leisure in Elizabethan England

A

People of all social classes too part in wrestling or went swimming but not with people of different classes

70
Q

What was bear bating

A

A bear would be chained to a post and then dogs would be unleashed to attack it. Bears were very expensive so care was taken with them. Even the Queen was a fan of bear bating

71
Q

What was cockfighting

A

Cockerels are aggressive birds and they would be put into a specially designed ring to fight, with large sums of money being bet on the outcome of a fight

72
Q

What percentage of men and women were literate before Elizabeth’s reign

A

20% of men

10% of women

73
Q

What percentage of men and women were literate after Elizabeth’s reign

A

30% of men

10% of women

74
Q

How many grammar schools were created during the 1560s and 70s

A

72

75
Q

Why is the development of Theater and Leisure important to our understanding of Elizabethan England

A

○ Provided a form of entertainment for people withing England
○ Was something multiple classes could enjoy and do
○ There were a variety of leisure activities
○ Activities for men and women
○ Developed stable theaters which people paid for, a way of supporting the economy
○ Created a profession that still sorts after today

76
Q

Define vagabond/ vigrant

A

A person without a settled home or regular work who wander from place to place and lives by begging

77
Q

Define Rack-renting

A

To charge excessive rent (i.e far more rent than the property is worth)

78
Q

Define Enclosure

A

Traditional fields are combined and surrounded by hedges, removing shared land

79
Q

Define Inflation

A

A general increase in prices and fall in what money can buy you

80
Q

Define Clapper Dungeon

A

Cut his skin to make it bleed and the dirty rags over the wounds to make it look even worse. He hoped people would feel sorry for him and give him money

81
Q

Dfine Baretop Triscker

A

She would flash a man and ask him to buy her a meal. The man would accompany her to a nearby house… where a gang would be waiting to rob him

82
Q

How many markets would a town have and how often would they be on

A

1, once a day

83
Q

True or False The population of a town would triple on market day

A

About doubled

84
Q

Half of the population in Elizabeth’s were under …

A

22

85
Q

In Elizabeth’ reign, you could be executed for stealing something worth how much

A

13 pence or more

86
Q

What happened to witches in Catholic countries

A

They were burnt at the steak

87
Q

What happened to witches in England

A

They were hung

88
Q

What was the longest famine in Elizabethan England

A

1594-97

89
Q

Was it against the law to help homeless people in Elizabethan England

A

Yes, for taking in a homeless person you could be fined £1

90
Q

Would you receive worse medicine if you were poor

A

Yes

91
Q

How much of England is rural land

A

1/4

92
Q

What were English homes like for the poor in rural England

A

Small cottages with thatched roofs. It was dark inside them

93
Q

Why weren’t candles used by poor rural families

A

They were expensive

94
Q

Define Yeoman

A

Own or rent land

95
Q

Define Husnadman

A

Rent land from the yeoman

96
Q

Define Labourer

A

Work on other peoples farms

97
Q

What is a Groute

A

First days amount being paid as a labourer (4 pence). It’s a coin

98
Q

What law was passed in 1563

A

Statute of Artificers

99
Q

What was the ‘Statute of Artificers’, 1563

A

This had the central aim of making poor relief more effective. The law gave magistrates the power to raise local funds for poor relief. Anyone who refused to pay for the poor relief could be fined or sent to prison and in those towns were poor relief was collected badly, the officials would be fined £20, which is equivalent to £5 000 today

100
Q

What was the Vagabonds Act, 1572

A

The Vagabonds Act wanted to end the problem of vagrancy in England. It created harsh punishments such as public whipping, holes being drilled in ears (punishment after the first arrest), prison (second arrest), and even death (third arrest). However, it also started to tackle unemployment. The act made towns and cities responsible for finding jobs for the unemployed (the Elizabethan equivalent of Job Seekers). It also introduced a national system of taxation to pay for poor relief. These taxes were used to pay for hospitals and housing for the elderly, sick, and disabled. Poor children were given apprenticeships

101
Q

What law was passed in 1572

A

Vagabonds Act

102
Q

What law was passed in 1576

A

Poor Relief Act

103
Q

What was the Poor Relief Act, 1576

A

This act wanted to differentiate (distinguish) between those people who were poor because they were lazy and those who were poor because they were too sick or old to work. Under the law, Justices of the Peace had to provide raw materials such as wool or straw for the able-bodied poor to make things that they could sell as a business to make money. Those who refused to work were sent to special prisons called Houses of Correction

104
Q

What were the impacts of the different laws brought in about the poor

A

Despite these measures, poverty continued o be a problem under Elizabeth’s reign. Ordinary Elizabethans were often sympathetic- local records show that less than 10% of vagrants were whipped in some towns. In most cases, they were given money and sent on their way. The most significant shift was the recognition that the poor were not simply lazy. If given the chance, the majority chose to work

105
Q

What evidence is there that attitudes towards the poor improved in Elizabethan England

A

○ A legal distinction was made between deserving poor and idle poor, which increased sympathy for some groups of the poor
○ There was a growing realisation that some of the poor wanted to work, e.g the role of JPs in directing the poor to paid employment
○The introduction of poor relief reflected a desire to provided for the poor

106
Q

Define idle poor

A

those who chose to not work but were able to were able-bodied

107
Q

Define deserving poor

A

These poor were people who were unable to work due to being ill, disabled, or simply being too old

108
Q

What were the three main reasons for the increase in poverty in England

A

○ Population changes
○Changes to farming
○ Events overseas

109
Q

What were population changes in Elizabethan England that contributed to poverty in England

A

○ The population rose by about 35% during Elizabeth’s reign. This placed huge pressure on food. With lots of workers available, wages also reduced
○ Many rural poor went to cities to look for work. People were forced to beg or steal when jobs were not available
○ Due to overpopulation, housing was in high demand. In the country, greedy landlords practiced rack-renting, leading to a rise in rents and numerous evictions

110
Q

What were changes to farming in Elizabethan England that contributed to poverty in England

A

○ The introduction of the enclosure had a devastating impact, removing the common land so the landless poor could no longer graze their animals or grow crops. This common land had been vital for their survival
○ The rise in sheep farming increased unemployment as raising sheep does not involve as much labour as growing crops
○ Exporting wool to Europe was more profitable than selling grain. Many landowners, therefore, stopped growing grain and began sheep farming. This fall in grain production contributed to rising food prices. It also made the country more vulnerable to bad harvests
○ Enclosed land required fewer labourers, so farmers who rented land were evicted, leaving them unemployed and homeless
○ There were several disastrous harvests in the 1550s and 1560s which meant the price of bread (the basis of most people’s diets) went up faster than wages

111
Q

What were events overseas in Elizabethan England that contributed to poverty in England

A

○ The number of wars England had fought in the past years had increased taxes, hitting the poor very hard
○ Spanish exploration of the “new world” in Central and Soth America had meant that there was more silver in circulation. This raised prices even more
○ Henry VIII had closed down many of England’s monasteries which had traditionally provided support for the poor, ill, and disabled. These people no longer had any source of support in times of need
○ The Spanish had implemented a trade ban between the Netherlands and England. This lost England a lot of money

History (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions