Elizabeths Religious Settlement Flashcards
What religious issues did Elizabeth inherit?
Religious confusion Marian bishops unwilling to compromise Unknown number of remaining protestants
What did Elizabeth proclaim she wanted to keep in the churches?
Crucifix, copes and music
What were some MP’s responses to Elizabeths proclamations of keeping Crucifix? What did Elizabeth have to do?
2 threatened to resign, so she had to make a compromise by putting the crucifixes in the Royal Chapel
What were Elizabeths fundamental demands out of her religion?
Complete obedience and observance - having complete loyalty to her God given power.
What did Elizabeth do with the Prayer Book?
She combined both of Edwards prayer books that were radical and moderate. This was because it was more ambiguous to the readers.
How did Elizabeth’s relationship with France affect her religious policy?
She needed peace with France so she chose to not be aggressively protestant. In 1559, there was peace with France which reassured her religious settlement.
How did Spanish position have an impact in Elizabeths religious policy?
Spain ruled Netherland trade which could threaten Protestant settlement and more likely to protect against France
When was the Act of Supremacy released?
1559
What were terms in the Act of Supremacy?
Restored to Henry VIII’s state of authority Repealed Mary’s heresy laws and rejected Papal Supremacy Re-established communion Penalties if refused Royal visitation restored- sent commissioners to check
What did Elizabeth call herself?
Supreme Governor instead of Supreme Head to relieve gender and catholic issues
How many members of the clergy were sacked under Act of Supremacy?
20,000 (mostly Marian)
What were the overall responses to the Bills under Act of Supremacy?
Bills gained wide approval from Commissions and lords despite united episcopal opposition
What year was the Act of Uniformity established?
1559
What did the Act of Uniformity do to the Book of Common Prayer?
Book of Common Prayer modified the 1552 version with combined 1549 and eucharist wording. This left it ambiguous and open to interpretation Left out Black Rubric
How did Elizabeth leave the state of her Church under Act of Uniformity?
Allowed ornaments and clothing from early Edwardian years to be cost cutting.
How was the authority secured under Act of Uniformity against recusants?
Recusants (who didn’t attend at least every Sunday) were fined one shilling (radical as the poor couldn’t afford)- went towards poor relief Propaganda, censorship, physical force, compromise and political practice.
When was the Royal Injunction established?
1559
What were the key terms of the Royal Injunction?
Updated previous injunctions from HVIII. Suppression of superstition. English Bible and an Erasmus Praphrase (Catholic humanism) Visitors were chosen by Cecil Clergy could only marry under permission of 2 JP’s
How did Elizabeth suppress superstition in Royal Injunction?
simple communion table as altar symbolised sacrifice. Removed some Catholic ornates as it was too far from Jesus’ life
Who didn’t like having a bible and Erasmus Praphase in Church?
The Catholics
What types of visitors were chosen by Cecil?
Men who were strong willed
Why did Elizabeth only allow Clergy to marry under 2 JP approval?
She didn’t agree with clerical marriage but made it legal in the name of Protestantism
What was the aim of the Royal Injunction?
to stop arguing. But she still spent her reign defending her policies.
To enforce and implement the Act of Uniformity at the level of the individual parish church
When were the 39 Articles written?
1563
Who wrote the 39 Articles?
Archbishop Matthew Parker who was influenced by Cramner
What concepts did the 39 Articles establish?
Faith and Predestination (removing free will) Bishops had authority but had to follow scripture and were allowed to sit in Parliament. Didn’t clarify who defines scripture.
Why were Bishops allowed to sit in Parliament?
So Elizabeth could control her Church
When did Article 39 actually pass?
1571- showing there was opposition
What were Convocations reactions to the Settlement?
Convocation asked for more reforms to remove anything Catholic- better church law and discipline with simple vestment, reform finances to help poor clergy. They were ignored.
Who was Bishop Jewels
Bishop Jewel of Sailsburg- support and warned not to defy Elizabeth. Protected Church with an Apology to Church of England in 1562
What was the church like in 1563 (in Elizabeths eyes)
Healthy. She got the settlement she wanted - stability and supremacy.
What was the Church like for other protestants and Catholics in 1563?
Protestants though it was heading Calvinist- therefore half reformed and not secured Catholics felt ignored. The Pope was prevented interference from Phillip II to help Elizabeth (as he was interested in her)
What was the reason for issuing the Act of Supremacy in 1559?
To restore the royal supremacy in the Church which had been removed by Mary
What was the significance of the Act of Supremacy in 1559?
Restored the legal position of the Crown in relation to the Church. It gave legislative authority for the Crown to act in matters relating to the Church.
What was the reason for issuing the Act of Uniformity in 1559?
To restore a single form of worship
What was the significance of the Royal Injunction in 1559?
Required local officials to adopt a ‘Protestant’ view of forms of worship and practice to parish churches
What was the reason for issuing the 39 Articles of Religion in 1563?
To define the faith of the Elizabethan church
What was the significance of article 17 in the 39 Articles of Religion in 1563?
Article 17 emphasised the importance of predestination thereby linking of the Church of England with the doctrines association with John Calvin
What Penal law was introduced in 1563?
Forbidden to defend papal supremacy
What Penal law was introduced in 1571?
Treason to call monarch heretic or schismatic, treason to introduce papal bulls
What Penal law was introduced in 1581?
Treason to Convert or to be converted to Catholicism, fined with £20 a month
What Penal law was introduced in 1593?
Recusants were restricted within 5 miles of their homes
When was Matthew Parker archbishop and what was his significance?
1559-1575 Provided the settlement with a firm basis
When was Edmund Grindal archbishop?
1575-1583
Why was Edmund Grindal conflicting for Elizabeth?
He was a Marian Exile He didn’t want to the role- disagreed with Elizabeth. Breaking point with Prophesying as he believed it would improve the church as he disliked preaching and lack of governmental control
What was the impact of Grindals suspension?
Suspended for 6 months under house arrest Lacked leadership and he brought discredit to the church for a great period
What did Whitgift do before he was made Archbishop?
He made sure Cartwright lost his professorship for attacking the church Replied to ‘Admotion’ in 1572
How did Whitgift strengthen the church?
New Court of High Commission Three articles Ex-official oath, making preachers swearing to answer questions Found who was responsible for the Marprelates
What was the Black Rubric? What did Elizabeth’s 1559 Prayer book instruct of it?
A set of instructions for the clergy. It declared that kneeling at Communion must not be taken to imply that Christ was a Real Presence in the bread and wine.
The book instructedto say both the words from 1549 and 1552 when offering bread. So it was just as possible for Catholics to interpet it as Jesus presence and Protestants to interpret it as an implication.
What ammendments did Elizabeth make on the 1552 Prayer Book?
She removed te insulting references to the Pope. This demonstrated a concern to avoid conflict
Interpretations of Elizabeth’s settlement?
Some argue that the attempt to retain Catholic bishops reveals that Elizabeth was more interested in presenting an image of religious continuity than in securing full - blown Protestantism. This may have been to emphasis familiar and traditional elements to avoid confusing and disorder.
What was the Act of Exchange in 1559?
The Queen was given the right to exchange church property that she had in her possession for temporal (non-spiritual) property. Making church land a useful supplement for the Queens patronage.
What was Elizabeths response to the 39 articles (1563)?
She had not participation in the making of the articles but refused for them to go through Parliament. This is not because she disapproved, but because there was strong condemnations to the Catholic practices. She clearly felt such attack who cause resentment. However, once she faced papal excommunication, she allowed it to go through, as Catholics were percieved as potentially traitors.
