Catholic Threat Flashcards
When did Phillip declare support for Mary QS?
1585- making it an international threat
When did Jesuits begin their mission in England?
1580
What were the consequences of the Babington plot?
Mary was brought to trial at Fortheringhay castle Mary was found guilty of plotting Elizabeths deaths.
How was Mary’s execution unjustified?
Mary was an anointed queen Part of the Tudor family Only other female monarch May provoke Spanish/French
How did some of the extreme Catholics respond to the religious change?
As many as 100 Oxford fellows went into exile rather than conformity Conservative nobles protected Catholic priest in many parts of the country Even before the missionary priests arrived there were high levels of recusants
What were the main events that changed Englands religious context and caused MQS to be a greater threat?
Northern Rebellion 1569 Elizabeths excommunication 1570
When was the Act against Jesuits and Seminary Priests was passed?
1585
Where was the most Catholic?
Northern England
What became treason in 1581?
To recognise or encourage authority of Rome
When was there a massacre in France of protestants? Who did it?
1572 Mary Queen of Scots relations
Why did the Throckmorton plot fail?
Walsingham’s spy network diffused it
How many secular priests came to work in England by 1580?
about 100
What did it mean when acts were being passed against Seminary Priests and Jesuits?
It is treasonable for any priest ordained under the Popes authority to enter England.
When was the Northern Rebellion?
1569
How was Catholics saying mass dealt with?
Punished with a heavy fine and imprisonment.
How impactful was excommunication?
Pointless. Failed to gain the support of Phillip II an made no arrangements to ensure the publications of the Catholicism in England
Why did the Ridolfi plot fail?
Norfolk (leader) was executed once discovered
What was made treasonable in 1581?
Treason to withdraw subjects’ allegiance to the Queen or church of England.
How had the Treason Act been updated in 1585?
It became treason to be ordained by a Catholic Priest
What was the state of the general Catholic faith by 1569?
In 1569, Catholics embraced a spectrum of attitudes and behaviours. Exiles enjoyed their faith openly and others were restricted to practice in private
How did the Throckmorton Plot affect the Privy Council?
Catholics were assumed as potentially rebellious and fears intensified after the plot.
Why did the Northern Rebellion fail?
Rushed The skirmish from minimal strength
When was William Orange assassinated?
1584
What was the aims of the Babington plot?
Mary and Babington plotted to murder Elizabeth in a letter allegedly dictated by Mary
Why did Catholicism die out?
Elizabeths longevity of her reign Government legislations, treason acts and fines = less appealing Shortage of Catholic priests and public pressures Lacked effective support from abroad, including defeating Spanish Armada Execution of Mary- removing their figure head
What was the Catholic threat like in the early years
Littler sign of threat Little evidence of foreign support/ crusade Many attended church with inward beliefs
What were the aims of the Ridolfi plot?
To replace Elizabeth with Mary who would marry Duke of Norfolk with possible Spanish support
How were the authorities decisive during the Northern rebellion
Queen Mary was moved to a place of safety Sussex proved resolute defenders of the Crown’s interest, despite their lack of resources Emphasised Leicester’s ability to raise force in the Midlands
What evidence shows that Elizabeth showed toleration for Catholics?
Toleration for Catholics with conditional obedience Some Privy Councillors remained conservative. The law fining recusants was rarely enforced Conservatism and Catholicism was still strong in the House of Lords
How many Northern rebels were there?
6000
How did Catholics own resistance and flaws cause Catholicism to decline?
Catholic land owners were burdened with heavy recusancy fines. Divisions with the Catholic movement. Tensions between Jesuit and Secular priests came to head with the Archpriest controversy
When was the Throckmorton Plot?
1583
How was Mary’s execution justified?
It was building up to this, taking into account the French massacre, popes approval of assassination, the plots, William Orange, Philip and parliamentary pressure Authority felt undermined Walsingham and William Davidson (incriptor) reliability
What did Catholic priests do in 1568?
Foundation of the English college at Douai, were priests were educated to be more radical. Sent newly trained priests on their mission to England. Secret Catholic services were also created for the poor
When did 11 secular priests arrive in England from Douai?
1575
When was the Bond of Association drafted?
1584
When was the act passed against Papal bull publications as treason?
1571
When was the Treason Act created?
1571
What help did not materialise for the Northern Rebellion?
Spanish help. Defeated by governmnet force
What did the Pope do in 1566?
Pope forbade Catholics from attending Church of England services- increasing recusancy
How was maintaining decorations of the Church successful in retaining the Catholic conformity?
It kept the commoners at bay as they were popular
How did Catholics view the religious change in 1559?
They believed it was not permanent due to her predecessors only lasting 5 years. They believed that God would forgive them.
How did excommunication impact Elizabeth and PC’s fears?
Induced fear in Elizabeth and the Privy Council- passing treason laws.
In 1568, how did Catholics in Lancashire retain their faith?
Lancashire had a circle of Catholic priests led by Richard Marshall
How was the international situation was becoming desperate for Protestant cause by 1585?
It became apparent after William of Oranges assassination and a Spanish victory in the Netherlands
How was the Northern Rebellion diffused?
Earls came in with 3800 foot soldiers, rebels retreated and eventually surrendered. Westmorland escaped and northumberland was imprisoned and beheaded in 1572
What changes did the leadership make after the Northern rebellion?
Land of the rebel leaders were forfeited to the crown. The Council of the North was reconstituted in 1572 and placed under the control of people who had no local ties, only influenced by the Queen and had Puritan inclinations
When was Mary Queen of Scots executed?
February 1587
What were the aims of the Northern rebellion?
MQS triggered the plot Began as a conspiracy by the Duke of Norfolk to marry Mary and have her proclaimed to the throne in order to restore Catholicism
How many missionary priests were in England between 1580-1585?
179 missionary priests in England
What did the treason acts (after the excommunication) prohibit?
It is treasonable to write or say that the Queen was a heretic or to write against her religion
Who was involved in the Throckmorton plot?
MQS de Mendoza Throckmorton Jesuits and seminary priests
What did the Pope do in 1580?
He approved assassination of Elizabeth, making Catholics a threat to her life.
When was Northumberland executed for the rebellion?
1572
Why were Catholics starting to feel more like enemies to Elizabeth?
Pope forbade Catholics from attending the Church Threats from Catholics in France and Spain
How did the law and members under the crown cause Catholicism to decline?
Walsingham continued to sponsor anti-Catholic agents due to fears of another armada being sent against England. The penal laws
What difficulties did Sussex face during the Northern Rebellion
Elizabeth didn’t trust him as he was a Northern Catholic Councillor- he wanted to prove his loyalty so he questioned Northumberland and Westmorland and was reassured by their loyalty. Sussex sent out a commission of 1,500 but the soldiers were torn
Why did the Parvy Plot of 1585 fail?
Very small. Possibly not even a real plot
Who were the main people involved in the Northern rebellion?
Duke of Norfolk Mary Queen of Scots Earl of Leicester (confessed the plans to Elizabeth) Earl of Northumberland Earl of Westmorland Throckmorton
How did Elizabeth deal with the issues in the House of Lords?
Arrested people and changed her status to Supreme Governor of the Church rather than Supreme Head like her father to appease Catholics and misogynists.
Why did the rebellion fail?
Hopelessly disorganised Lack of clarity in the rebels objectives and neither earl had any political astuteness Failed at securing foreign support Decisive authorities
Which Catholic plot was in 1571?
The Ridolfi Plot
When did the Jesuits arrive in England?
1580
What did the Northern rebels do?
Norfolk believed he had rights to the throne- wanting to overthrow Elizabeth with MQS He invaded Durham Cathedral to tear down protestant item Controlled most of Yorkshire
What was the consequence of the Ridolfi plot?
Cecil quickly discovered in and executed Norfolk in 1572
When was the anti-catholic act passed?
1581
How many priests were convicted under the Act against Seminary Priests and Jesuits in 1586-1603?
123
What was drafted After the Throckmorton Plot?
The Bond of Association
What happened to Babington and his conspirators?
They were hung. drawn and quartered.
What were the aims of the Throckmorton plot?
Plan for Spanish force, backed by papal money to invade England, liberate Mary and start a Catholic uprising
When did Mary Queen of Scots’ scandals start to bring up succession for Elizabeth?
around 1566 and 1567
What Catholic plot occurred in 1583?
Throckmorton plot
What evidence shows that Elizabeth did not show toleration for Catholics?
Much energy was spent removing Catholic imagery Catholicism was undermined by the abolition of mystery plays The 1569 rebellion was the catalyst for much harsher treatments of Catholics
Which house did Elizabeth have difficulty with?
House of Lords
What happened leading up to Mary’s execution?
Elizabeth was pushed to sign Mary’s death warrant. She did not want it to be pursued immediately but the council decided to go against this before she changed her mind. The execution was done secretly and Elizabeth was not informed until afterwards.
What initial limitations occurred in diffusing the Northern rebellion?
Sussex had difficulty raising an army due to the complex loyalty and weather. Due to the weather, they only executed the 450 out of the 700 aimed
What Catholic plot occurred in 1586?
Babington plot
Who was involved in the Ridolfi Plot?
MQS Phillip II The Pope Duke of Norfolk
What was the stability of the Catholic faith like in the 1560s?
Survivalist Catholicism was diluted by conformity. They conformed and obeyed the law. The pope was also ineffective and took too long.
Why did the Babington plot fail?
Code breaker Babington almost backed out in interrogation (cowardly). Double agent convinced him to continue (in control) Mary Queen of Scots was executed
What did The Bond of Association mean?
Anyone who took oath of association was required to execute who attempted or succeeded in usurping the throne and who made an attempt of the Queens life
What had heightened Catholic fears in 1581?
Jesuit missions Rebellions in Ireland the role of Phillip
