Elizabethan England: Religious Settlement Flashcards

1
Q

What are the key features of a Roman Catholic church? (9)

A

• The Pope is the head of the church
• Underneath the pope are the cardinals, archbishops, bishops and priests
• Church services and the bible should be in Latin
• The church can forgive sins
• Priests are special and should wear vestments
• During mass a miracle occurs (bread and wine represents Jesus)
• Churches should highly decorate and honour God
• There are seven sacraments (baptism, confirmation, Eucharist, penance, anointing of the sick, marriage and holy orders.)
• Priests are forbidden to marry

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2
Q

What are the key features of a Protestant church? (10)

A

• There should not be a pope
• Not necessary to have cardinals, archbishops or bishops
• The bible and church services should be in your own language
• People have a direct relationship with God through prayer and bible study
• Bread and wine represents the last supper, not a miracle
• Sins can only be forgiven by God
• Priests are not special so should not wear special clothing
• Churches should be plain and simple so as not to distract from God
• Only two sacraments(baptism and holy communion)
• Priests can marry

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3
Q

What was the problem Elizabeth I faced with the clergy?

A

Elizabeth was the first real protestant monarch but most of her clergy (religious leaders) were Roman Catholic and were in the House of Lords. Although many priests changed their religion to keep their job, some were devout and went against the Queen.

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4
Q

what were puritans

A

people who wanted to purity the Christian religion by getting rid of anything not in the bible

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5
Q

which area of England remained largely catholic

A

the north- especially Durham, Yorkshire and Lancashire

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6
Q

which areas of England where more protestant

A

London, East Anglia and the south-east - they had closer links with the Netherlands and the German states where Protestants had become popular

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7
Q

What were the three main features of Elizabeth’s religious settlement?

A

The Act of Supremacy (made Elizabeth supreme Governor of the church .
Clergy and Royal officials had to swear an oath of allegiance to her as the head of the church)
• The Act of Uniformity (established the appearance of churches and the form of services they held)
• The Royal injunctions (set of instructions that reinforced the other two acts and told people how they should worship God and what the structure of the services should be like)

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8
Q

What was made under the Act of Supremacy?

A

An Ecclesiastical High Commission was established to maintain discipline and enforce the queen’s religious settlement. Members of the clergy whose loyalty was in doubt could be punished

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9
Q

What was to be used in all church services according to the Act of Uniformity and why?

A

A Book of Common prayers. This was because the prayer book was written in such a way so that the service was unclear. As a result, protestants and Catholics could interpret teachings differently. It taught that priests had to wear vestments as well.

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10
Q

How often did people have to attend church according to the Act of Uniformity?

A

People had to attend church every Sunday and on holy days, else they would be fined one shilling (the average workers weekly pay). However this would not be a serious amount of money for the nobility

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11
Q

What issues did the Royal Injunctions cover?
aka what was in the royal injunctions (6)

A

• Clergy had to teach the Royal Supremacy
• People who did not attend church had to be reported to the Privy Council
• Each Parish had to have a copy of the Bible in English
• No one was allowed to preach without a licence from the Government
• Pilgrimages were banned and monuments to “fake” miracles were banned
• Clergy had to wear special vestments

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12
Q

How was the Religious Settlement inclusive? (3)

A

• The wording in the book of common prayer could be understood to mean different things by Catholics and protestants
• the communion Sacrament referred to in the Book of Common prayer could be interpreted as transubstantiation by Catholics or be viewed as an act of remembrance by Protestants
• The royal injunctions banned pilgrimages to “fake” miracles which made the protestants pleased whiles also pleasing the Catholics as they approved of the possibility of “real miracles”

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13
Q

what were the impacts of the religious settlement?
• clergy
• ordinary people
• bishops

A

• 8000 clergy out of about 10,000 accepted the religious settlement
• The majority of ordinary people accepted Elizabeth’s religious settlement and attended the church services. even though many of them held on to Catholic beliefs
• Only one bishop agreed to take the oath, all the others stepped down and Elizabeth appointed 27 new bishops. This gave her the opportunity to put protestants in place which strenghthed protestantism.

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14
Q

How did the people take Elizabeth’s Religious Settlement?
• north
• protestants

A
  • The majority of ordinary people accepted the new religious settlement.
  • The new prayer book worked with Catholics as they could interpret it in a Roman Catholic way.
  • In the North, it took a while for services to change but they did.
  • Elizabeth made it clear she did not want the settlement enforced too strongly, even against recusants.
  • Some Protestants welcomed Elizabeth’s settlement with violent enthusiasm (destruction of church ornaments and statues)
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15
Q

What did church courts do?

A

Church courts dealt with Church matters but also acted on minor disputes and moral issues such as: marriage, sexual offences, slander, wills and inheritance

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16
Q

How was the settlement enforced?

A

Starting in 1559, visitations (inspections of clergy) were held every three to four years. They checked if the settlement was being followed.

17
Q

What did the visitation cause?

A

the visitations also caused a great deal of destruction to decorations and statues in churches.

18
Q

How were the Government able to monitor other professionals through visitations?

A

The Bishops (who undertook the inspections) in later years checked on the licences of professionals in the parish as well as the clergy,

19
Q

How did the church of england control what was being preached?

A

-priests needed a license to preach to ensure Elizabeth’s religous and political message was being preached
- those who refused to preach this would be denied a licence

20
Q

How did the church of england provide guidance for communities?

A

• people turned to the parish church in times of harship and uncertainty

21
Q

What was the role of the church of England?

A

• gave guidance to communities
• enforced the religious settlement
• run the church courts
• legitimised power to the monarch
• controlled what was preached

22
Q

How did the church legitimise the power to the monarch?

A

By encouraging people to stay loyal and not rebel

23
Q

what the role of parish clergy in village life?

A

• in all parishes the clergymen was a major figure in the village community and did all the church servuces including baptism, wedding and funerals
• offered spiritual and practical advice and guidance to people, especially when times were difficult (such as poor harvest)

24
Q

how was the parish clergy in villages funded?

A

• were funded by taxes or tithes, or by other sources of income, such as seels of church pews.
- The gentry funded some parishes while others remained independent of local landowners

25
Q

What was the role of parish clergy in town life?

A

• contained a much wider collection people including merchants, craftsmen, labourers and vagrants.
• due to overcrowding, it had a wider range of issues to deal with including poverty, vagrancy and diseases such as smallpox and plague

26
Q

Why was their often a wider range of religious beliefs in the parish clergy in town life, especially in London?

A

because they contained mainstream protestants, puritans and catholics

27
Q

how many clergy were dismissed in 1559 as a result of the visitations

A

In 1559, 400 clergy were dismissed after failure upon inspection,