Elizabethan Challenges Home and Abroad

Question 1

What was poverty defined as during Elizabeth’s reign?

Answer 1

• If you spent more than 80% of your income on bread

- If you were unemployed or too ill to work

Question 2

What was arguably Elizabeth’s flaw?

Answer 2

She was particularly conscious of the impression she had on others

Question 3

Who were Elizabeth’s key advisors?

Answer 3

William Cecil
Robert Dudley
Sir Francis Walsingham

Question 4

Who was Sir Francis Walsingham?

Answer 4

The head of Elizabeth’s secret service and advised on foreign affairs

Question 5

Elizabeth one liners

Answer 5

“Video et taceo”

“I will have one mistress and no master”

Question 6

Describe Elizabeth’s financial problems in 1558 and what did she do to tackle this

Answer 6

• She inherited £300,000 of debt
• The royal finances had been severely strained
• Rents were increased to keep up with new government expenditure
• The crowns land was sold so that she could reward her loyal followers, and keep them loyal, raised 120,000 by doing this
• 1540s onwards, the crown has been devaluing the coin by reducing the silver and gold content, to keep paying for war against france and scotland, led to inflation
• she cut household expenses, spending less on feasts, servants, her court, her own clothes
• by 1574 the crown was debt free
• didn’t benefit poor people

Question 7

When were the 39 articles of religion introduced?

Answer 7

1563

Question 8

What was the peace of Cateau-Cambrésis signed?

Answer 8

April 3rd 1559

Question 9

What was the treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis?

Answer 9

Consisted of two treaties:

The first one was signed between Elizabeth I of England and Henri II of France on April 2; the second one was signed between Henri II of France and Philip II of Spain on April 3. This put an end to the conflict between France on the one hand, and Spain and England on the other.

Question 10

What were examples of varying Eucharistic beliefs during this time?

Answer 10

Transubstantiation vs Symbolism

Question 11

Why was Walsingham recruited into the Privy Council?

Answer 11

After the Ridolfi plot, Cecil wanted help in connecting the plots to Mary Queen of Scots

Question 12

What was a drawback for Elizabeth from the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis

Answer 12

She lost the port Calais, which meant that France now controlled the entire Northern coastline of France and left England more vulnerable to an attack.

Question 13

Describe Elizabeth’s relations with Spain

Answer 13

• They were initially allies due to Mary I foreign policy against the
  French
• Relations were strained as Elizabeth sent aid and embargoes to
  Protestant Dutch rebels in the Spanish Netherlands
• Relations soured more due to Spanish involvement in the Ridolfi and
  Throckmorton plots

Question 14

Describe Elizabeth’s relationship with France

Answer 14

• Started off at war due to Mary I’s foreign policy
• Treaty of Edinburgh (1560) ends hostilities and replaced an Auld
  alliance (French and Scots) with an Anglo-Scots alliance
• Elizabeth supported Protestant Huguenots in the French Religious
  wars through the Treaty of Hampton court (1562), sending troops to Le
  Havre. This would have soured relations with the Catholic Guise family
• St Bartholomew Day’s massacre (1572) resulting in 70,000 deaths in
  France
• Treaty of Blois (1572) Ended hostilities and France agreed to keep out of England and
  Scotland’s business with Mary Stuart. Also established an alliance against the
  Spanish

- 1584 TREATY OF JOINVILLE, BETWEEN SPAIN AND FRANCE POSES THREAT TO ELIZABETH

Question 15

What treaty between The Catholic League (French Catholics) and the Spanish posed a significant threat to Elizabeth?

Answer 15

The 1584 Treaty of Joinville

Question 16

What did Elizabeth arguably see as her biggest problem in her early years?

Answer 16

The threat of invasion, as she had spent over £100,000 on military arms and munitions (pikeheads, guns, bows etc) {In 1588}

Also perhaps seen through her immediate work on a religious settlement. Her desire to come to an immediate compromise was perhaps due to not only wanting to please her people, but to also not provoke foreign powers, while maintaining her protestantism

Question 17

What arguably amplified sexist views towards Elizabeth?

Answer 17

The disastrous reign of her predecessor Mary I seemed to confirm views that women were to weak and emotionally hysterical to govern the country

Question 18

Effects of Hawkins’ voyage to San Juan de Ulua

Answer 18

His 3rd voyage, Spanish attacked the English fleet, killing all but 18 men. Ended hopes of expanding into the lucrative markets overseas, and increased tension with Spain

Question 19

Effect of the Netherlands revolt on Elizabeth

Answer 19

Dutch rebellion against Spanish control led to Felipe sending a Spanish force under the Duke of Alva. The presence of a large Spanish army across the Channel was a threat to English security. Also disrupted woollen cloth trade between England and Netherlands

Question 20

What were some consequences of Queen Marys death

Answer 20

1. France, fearing the might of Spain, wanted to maintain their alliance with England
2. Scotland - King James VI was on the throne and he was an heir of Elizabeth, so he took no action
3. English Catholics remained loyal to Elizabeth

Question 21

how did debt affect elizabeths early rule

Answer 21

• a costly war with france had just come to an end and liz inherited 300k of debt, and she spent another 100 on arms and munitions due to the threat of further conflict

Question 22

what was the population in elizabethan england

Answer 22

3 mil

Question 23

how did elizabeth use her gender to her advantage

Answer 23

she encouraged the image of a powerful independent “virgin queen” who was married to her country

Question 24

why was elizabeth so smart

Answer 24

she was taught needlework, Greek, Latin, French, archery
- her tutor, Ascham, stated that she had a mind free from female weakness and she is ensued with a masculine power for hard work

Question 25

why was the privy council the most important part of elizabeth’s government

Answer 25

• it contained men chosen as advisers of government departments such as the Lords treasurer, who was responsible for the crowns finances and spending
• they met very frequently and advised on big decisions of state such as war
• was responsible for administration, such as meeting foreign ambassadors

Question 26

why was choosing the privy council a crucial task for liz

Answer 26

• if she got it right, she would have a loyal team to help her run the country
• if she got it wrong, she would have alienated some of the most powerful men in the country
  could be dangerous and lead to a civil war, as many of these nobles were very powerful and had private army

Question 27

who was william cecil

Answer 27

liz secretary of state

Question 28

why didn’t eliz make her closest friend, Robert Dudley, a councillor for another 4 years after she became queen

Answer 28

because she was very cautious about who she put in the privy council, and knew the jealousy that would’ve been caused

Question 29

h

Question 30

Why was scotland a threat to elizabeth

Answer 30

• was a Catholic country at the time, threat to England
• there were french soldiers stationed in England, so England was in danger of a joint attack

Question 31

why was France a threat to liz

Answer 31

• in 1558, France was at war w both England and Spain
• also a catholic country

Question 32

Why was spain a threat at the beginning of liz reign

Answer 32

• most powerful and wealthy country in Europe
• Catholic country, committed to preventing the spread of Protestantism
• they were calm cos Mary tudor married phillip