Elizabethan Challenges Home and Abroad Flashcards
What was poverty defined as during Elizabeth’s reign?
- If you spent more than 80% of your income on bread
- If you were unemployed or too ill to work
What was arguably Elizabeth’s flaw?
She was particularly conscious of the impression she had on others
Who were Elizabeth’s key advisors?
William Cecil
Robert Dudley
Sir Francis Walsingham
Who was Sir Francis Walsingham?
The head of Elizabeth’s secret service and advised on foreign affairs
Elizabeth one liners
“Video et taceo”
“I will have one mistress and no master”
Describe Elizabeth’s financial problems in 1558 and what did she do to tackle this
- She inherited £300,000 of debt
- The royal finances had been severely strained
- Rents were increased to keep up with new government expenditure
- The crowns land was sold so that she could reward her loyal followers, and keep them loyal, raised 120,000 by doing this
- 1540s onwards, the crown has been devaluing the coin by reducing the silver and gold content, to keep paying for war against france and scotland, led to inflation
- she cut household expenses, spending less on feasts, servants, her court, her own clothes
- by 1574 the crown was debt free
- didn’t benefit poor people
When were the 39 articles of religion introduced?
1563
What was the peace of Cateau-Cambrésis signed?
April 3rd 1559
What was the treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis?
Consisted of two treaties:
The first one was signed between Elizabeth I of England and Henri II of France on April 2; the second one was signed between Henri II of France and Philip II of Spain on April 3. This put an end to the conflict between France on the one hand, and Spain and England on the other.
What were examples of varying Eucharistic beliefs during this time?
Transubstantiation vs Symbolism
Why was Walsingham recruited into the Privy Council?
After the Ridolfi plot, Cecil wanted help in connecting the plots to Mary Queen of Scots
What was a drawback for Elizabeth from the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis
She lost the port Calais, which meant that France now controlled the entire Northern coastline of France and left England more vulnerable to an attack.
Describe Elizabeth’s relations with Spain
- They were initially allies due to Mary I foreign policy against the
French - Relations were strained as Elizabeth sent aid and embargoes to
Protestant Dutch rebels in the Spanish Netherlands - Relations soured more due to Spanish involvement in the Ridolfi and
Throckmorton plots
Describe Elizabeth’s relationship with France
- Started off at war due to Mary I’s foreign policy
- Treaty of Edinburgh (1560) ends hostilities and replaced an Auld
alliance (French and Scots) with an Anglo-Scots alliance - Elizabeth supported Protestant Huguenots in the French Religious
wars through the Treaty of Hampton court (1562), sending troops to Le
Havre. This would have soured relations with the Catholic Guise family - St Bartholomew Day’s massacre (1572) resulting in 70,000 deaths in
France - Treaty of Blois (1572) Ended hostilities and France agreed to keep out of England and
Scotland’s business with Mary Stuart. Also established an alliance against the
Spanish
- 1584 TREATY OF JOINVILLE, BETWEEN SPAIN AND FRANCE POSES THREAT TO ELIZABETH
What treaty between The Catholic League (French Catholics) and the Spanish posed a significant threat to Elizabeth?
The 1584 Treaty of Joinville
What did Elizabeth arguably see as her biggest problem in her early years?
The threat of invasion, as she had spent over £100,000 on military arms and munitions (pikeheads, guns, bows etc) {In 1588}
Also perhaps seen through her immediate work on a religious settlement. Her desire to come to an immediate compromise was perhaps due to not only wanting to please her people, but to also not provoke foreign powers, while maintaining her protestantism
What arguably amplified sexist views towards Elizabeth?
The disastrous reign of her predecessor Mary I seemed to confirm views that women were to weak and emotionally hysterical to govern the country
Effects of Hawkins’ voyage to San Juan de Ulua
His 3rd voyage, Spanish attacked the English fleet, killing all but 18 men. Ended hopes of expanding into the lucrative markets overseas, and increased tension with Spain
Effect of the Netherlands revolt on Elizabeth
Dutch rebellion against Spanish control led to Felipe sending a Spanish force under the Duke of Alva. The presence of a large Spanish army across the Channel was a threat to English security. Also disrupted woollen cloth trade between England and Netherlands
What were some consequences of Queen Marys death
- France, fearing the might of Spain, wanted to maintain their alliance with England
- Scotland - King James VI was on the throne and he was an heir of Elizabeth, so he took no action
- English Catholics remained loyal to Elizabeth
how did debt affect elizabeths early rule
- a costly war with france had just come to an end and liz inherited 300k of debt, and she spent another 100 on arms and munitions due to the threat of further conflict
what was the population in elizabethan england
3 mil
how did elizabeth use her gender to her advantage
she encouraged the image of a powerful independent “virgin queen” who was married to her country
why was elizabeth so smart
she was taught needlework, Greek, Latin, French, archery
- her tutor, Ascham, stated that she had a mind free from female weakness and she is ensued with a masculine power for hard work
why was the privy council the most important part of elizabeth’s government
- it contained men chosen as advisers of government departments such as the Lords treasurer, who was responsible for the crowns finances and spending
- they met very frequently and advised on big decisions of state such as war
- was responsible for administration, such as meeting foreign ambassadors
why was choosing the privy council a crucial task for liz
- if she got it right, she would have a loyal team to help her run the country
- if she got it wrong, she would have alienated some of the most powerful men in the country
could be dangerous and lead to a civil war, as many of these nobles were very powerful and had private army
who was william cecil
liz secretary of state
why didn’t eliz make her closest friend, Robert Dudley, a councillor for another 4 years after she became queen
because she was very cautious about who she put in the privy council, and knew the jealousy that would’ve been caused
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Why was scotland a threat to elizabeth
- was a Catholic country at the time, threat to England
- there were french soldiers stationed in England, so England was in danger of a joint attack
why was France a threat to liz
- in 1558, France was at war w both England and Spain
- also a catholic country
Why was spain a threat at the beginning of liz reign
- most powerful and wealthy country in Europe
- Catholic country, committed to preventing the spread of Protestantism
- they were calm cos Mary tudor married phillip
