Elizabeth section 3 Flashcards
What were some Elizabethan attitudes towards education? (3)
Elizabethan England had no national system of education.
Only 15-20% of the population could read and write
Only the rich were viewed as requiring education
Name 6 aspects of Elizabethan education
Parish schools
Set up by the church, taught literacy to the children of yeomen farmers and craftsmen
Private tutors
Delivered education privately to members of the nobility
Petty schools
Run privately from people’s homes
Universities
Oxford and Cambridge
Grammar Schools
for boys- charged fees but scholarships were available.
What were some changes to education in 1558-88 (3)
New grammar schools mean that people could be educated independently of the church
Literacy improved, especially in towns- due to printing press, parish schools and the need to read scriptures.
Name 5 leisure activities for nobility
Hunting
Fishing
Real tennis
Bowls
Fencing
Name 2 leisure activities for the lower class
Football
Wrestling
Name 5 reasons for poverty in Elizabethan England
Growth of towns
Increased rents/food prices
Poor harvests
Reduced food supply, higher prices
Economical recessions
Caused by the trade embargos - created unemployment and poverty
Population growth
Went from 3 mill (1551) to 4.2 (1601)
Sheep farming
Due to the growth of the wool trade, many farmers preferred to rear sheep.
Name four reasons for changing attitudes towards the poor
Fear that poverty led to disorder and rebellion
Dealing with the poor was costly
Population changes and enclosure meant the poor were extremely visible
changing economic circumstances mean that the authorities had to develop more constructive attitudes towards poverty
Elizabethan civilian attitudes towards poverty
Many Elizabethans had suspicious attitudes towards the poor and demonised them. Vagabonds and vagrants were dealt with severely if caught deceiving or threatening the public.
When was the vagabonds act + describe it
1572, vagrants were whipped and a hole was drilled through each ear as a mark of shame.
Imprisoned on the second time, death penalty on the third
When was the Poor Relief Act and describe it
1576, JP’s were required to provide the poor with wool and raw materials so they can make and sell things. if they refused straight to prison.
Name 6 reasons for exploration, briefly describe each
Private investment
Private investors like Elizabeth I and her courtiers, funded many discoveries and voyages.
Improvements to ship design
Ships or galleons had bigger sails so they were faster and more manoeuvrable
Expanding trade
Trade was expanding in the new world, as war with Spain had damaged the wool and cloth trades
Triangular trade
Sold iron goods and guns in exchange for slaves from West Africa
New technology
Navigation was becoming increasingly more precise, voyages safer and faster.
Development of standardised maps
Mercator map invention gave sailors and traders greater confidence.
When did Drake circumnavigation of the globe take place between?
December 1577 and September 1580
What was the significance of Drake circumnavigation of the globe (4)
Declining relations with Spain
England saw the navy as the best means of defence
England’s reputation as a sea faring power increased
English ships began to trade in China, west Africa and India
Name 6 reasons why Sir Walter Raleigh colonised Virginia
Trade
England would be less dependent on imported goods from France, Spain and Italy
Welcoming and friendly natives
Raleigh was able to persuade investors that the trip would be profitable
Colonising Virginia would provide a base to attack Spanish settlements and colonies
A successful Virginian colony would make it possible to fund other ventures.
Name 5 reasons as to why the Virginia colonisation failure
Lack of food- 1st colonies left before they could plant food
Poor leadership- Richard Greenville did not like Ralph lane the governor of the colony
Lack of skills- bot expeditions lacked the skill sets for it to be successful
Native American attack- brought disease and tm demands for food handouts
War with Spain- from 1585 England was effectively at war with Spain.
