civil rights pt.2

Question 1

Give 5 key events of Greensboro

Answer 1

-On 1 February 1960, four black students in North Carolina waited to be served at a segregated lunch counter
-They knew they would be asked to leave the whites-only area, instead held a sit-in remaining till closing time
-following day 25 more students joined
-4 February, more than 300 students
-due to the loss of earnings, the Greensboro store desegrated.

Question 2

Name 6 significance of the Greensboro sit-in

Answer 2

White and black supporters- some white southerners joined CORE and SNCC

media coverage- positive news reports of the protest resulted in support for black and white Americans

spread quickly- existing civil rights groups meant structures were in place that helped the sit-in to spread quickly

Young people- many young people thought that the segregated lunch
counters were wrong, keen to protest

mass support- large numbers of protesters

visible to public- large numbers of protesters

Question 3

organisation involvement of the sit ins

Answer 3

core, sncc

Question 4

Events in Birmingham (5)

Answer 4

-1963
-MLK and the SCLC led the campaign in Birmingham, Alabama
-Many sit-in, peaceful, boycotts and public meetings
-jails full, so conner ordered us of water cannons and police dogs.
-violent response to the peaceful protesters gained supportive new coverage.

Question 5

March on Washington (4)

Answer 5

-1963
-after the events at Birmingham, MLK organised a march across America
-march was for jobs and freedom
-king made his famous I had a dream speech.

Question 6

Freedom summer (4)

Answer 6

-1964 in Mississippi, SNCC and core set up the freedom summer- 1000 volunteers went to Mississippi to boost voter registration.
-most volunteers were white college students, they’re social status made the violence against them more news worthy.
-ran classes to teach black people how to pass the voting test
-in retaliation Ku Klux Klan

Question 7

Mississippi murders

Answer 7

21 June 1964, three activists were killed by a Klan lynch mob.
shows the level of hatred and violence Klan member used.

Question 8

What did Kennedy do for civil rights? (4)

Answer 8

-selected black people for high level jobs
-backed introduction of new civil rights laws
- sent federal troops to the University of Mississippi to protect James Meredith.
-sent us marshals to escort the freedom riders and prevent them for being attacked.

Question 9

What did President Johnson do for civil rights? (4)

Answer 9

• appointed black people to high-level jobs
  -urged South politicians to support the 1964 civil rights bill
  -supported the 1964 Civil Rights Act
  -intervened to escort protesters marching from Selma to Montgomery in 1965.

Question 10

What was the 1964 civil rights act? (3)

Answer 10

forced school desegregation
banned discrimination in public
banned employment discrimination

Question 11

What was the 1965 Voting Rights Act? (2)

Answer 11

he introduced a standard voting registration across the USA
federal officials would take over voter registration in states were less than 50% of those qualified to vote failed to register.

Question 12

Malcom X (4)

Answer 12

-left nation of Islam in 1964- and started his own religious group
-nation of Islam was fuming
-went to mecca, rejected many of his ideas about seperation
- worked with other civil rights groups
-met with sncc and core members to explore working together to promote civil rights.

Question 13

Why did black power emerge (3)

Answer 13

rejected non-violence- results too slow
influence by Malcom X
focused on wider social issues, and got involved in anti-Vietnam movement.

Question 14

significance of Stokely Carmichael (4)

Answer 14

• after 1965, SNCC continued with the drive for voter registration
• Stokely Carmichael helped set up the Lowndes country freedom organisation as a party to concentrate on most issues affecting black Americans
• in may 1966 Carmichael became the chairman of sncc. wanted a more radical approach
• 220 mile march against fear, james meredith who was leading it was killed so MLK and stokely ran it.

Question 15

make sure u watch a vid of james merdith

Question 16

the black panthers (5)

Answer 16

-set up in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale
-believed black people needed black officials and black people to support the community.
-prepared to work with the same beliefs
-carried guns for self-defence and tape records
-set up breakfast clubs for poor black children

Question 17

significance of the 1968 Mexico Olympics. (2)

Answer 17

the 1968 Mexico Olympics provide an opportunity for black American athletes to show their support for black power.
Tommie Smith and John Carlos raised their fists in the black power salute, widely criticised in the media and banned from the team.

Question 18

Kerner report (7)

Answer 18

-set up by Johnson in 1967
-finding were late riots were caused by poor living conditions and ghettos
-African Americans need to be listened to
-money provided for improved living conditions
-media exaggerated the riots
-policing during the riots made it worse
-black communities do not trust the police, their meths need to change

Question 19

king moves north (4)

Answer 19

-king moved the focus of their campaigning to the north
-The local mayor agreed to discussions and sounded reasonable but did not act
-riots broke out and media coverage was negative
-kings outspoken criticism of the the USAs involvement in Vietnam made the president less fond of him

Question 20

assassination of MLK (4)

Answer 20

Violent responses across the USA
civil rights groups lost funding
death increased white opposition to black demands for equality
many black Americans became more radical after the king’s death as they were increasingly impatient about the slow pace of change.

Question 21

progress of in US 1969-74 (5)

Answer 21

good-
-increased training for black people setting up business in black areas
-favourable tax terms to white-owned business
-job equality promoted by encouraging affirmative action
-more black officials working in the white house

bad-
Nixon was criticised for patronising black Americans by presenting the promotion of black home ownership to get black Americans to stop destroying property.

Question 22

what progress did the civil rights movement achieve by 1975

Answer 22

significant progress in desegregation

Question 23

how did the federal government progress in the civil rights

Answer 23

1970- banned literacy tests