Elizabeth Section 3 Flashcards
What were Jesuits?
Catholic priests trained to convert people back to Catholicism
When did Jesuits begin to arrive in England?
The 1580’s
Where did Jesuits train?
Special Seminaries in Catholic countries (like Spain, France and Italy)
Who was the leader of the Jesuits in England?
Edmund Campion
Who hid Campion and around 100 other Jesuits?
Wealthy Catholics hid Jesuits in priest holes
Who was Francis Walsingham?
A privy councillor
What did Francis Walsingham do?
. Developed an effective spy network
. Had hundreds of agents tracking Jesuits and Catholic plotters
. Employed priest hunters to catch catholic priests
When was Campion caught?
1581
What happened to Campion after he was caught?
He was hanged, drawn and quartered
Who was Mary Queen of Scots?
Elizabeth’s Catholic cousin
Why did Mary come to England?
She was forced to flee a protestant rebellion in Scotland
When was she put in prison in England?
1568
Why did Mary’s presence in England a threat to Elizabeth?
. Mary had a strong claim to the throne:
- Mary was Henry VIII’s great-niece and Elizabeth’s cousin
- People believed Mary’s claim to the throne was more legitimate
- Mary had a son and heir
. Mary was a figurehead of Catholic rebellion:
- Until Elizabeth had an heir, Mary was next in line to the throne
- This encouraged Catholics to rebel
. Mary had powerful foreign support:
- Philip of Spain, France, and the Pope plotted to put Mary on throne
Why did Elizabeth refuse to execute Mary?
. Mary was her cousin
. Elizabeth did not want to execute a fellow Queen
When did the Throckmorton plot take place?
1583
What happened in the Throckmorton plot?
A young Catholic noble, Throckmorton, plotted with the French to invade England.
Who supported the Throckmorton plot?
The Pope and Philip of Spain
Who uncovered the Throckmorton plot?
Walsingham’s spies
What happened to Throckmorton after the plot was uncovered?
He was tortured and executed
When did the Babington plot take place?
1586
What happened in the Babington plot?
Babington, a young Catholic noble, plotted with Philip of Spain and the French to invade England
How did Babington communicate with Mary?
Babington hid coded letters in beer barrels that went into Mary’s prisons
Who discovered the system?
Walsingham, but waited until he had proof of Mary’s involvement
When was Mary Queen of Scots executed?
1587
Who manipulated Elizabeth into signing Mary’s death warrant?
Cecil and Walsingham
When did the Anglo-Spanish war break out?
In the 1580’s
When were the Spanish Armada launched?
1588
Why did the war break out?
. Elizabeth refused to marry Philip of Spain
. English travellers stole from Spanish treasure ships
. Philip supported Catholic plots against Elizabeth
. Elizabeth helped the Netherlands when they were fighting against Philip’s army
How many ships were in the Spanish Armada?
130
How many ships made it back to Spain after never arriving in England?
80
Why did the Armada fail?
. The leader, Duke of Medina Sidonia had no experience of sailing and got sick
. The Spanish army was a week late leaving them vulnerable
. The English used fireships to break the Spanish’s formation
. The English ships were smaller and and more agile
. The weather was bad and 40 ships were shipwrecked off of Scotland and Ireland
What happened to the other two Armadas Philip sent in the 1590’s?
They were both wrecked by storms
