Elizabeth Last Years Flashcards
Why did Elizabeth need to call Parliament more in her final decades?
She needed taxes to pay for the war with Spain.
How did Elizabeth managed to maintain control of Parliament in her final decade?
- Parliament granted taxes regularly.
- Elizabeth was able to maintain the royal prerogative.
- Elizabeth was able to reduce the religious laws Parliament wanted to introduce.
How was Elizabeth not able to maintain control of Parliament in her final decade?
- Elizabeth had to concede on the issue of purveyances.
- Elizabeth had to give the Golden Speech in 1601.
What economic and social problems did England face after 1588?
- Bad harvests between 1594 and 1597.
- Outbreaks of disease like plague.
- Increased numbers of vagrants.
How did Elizabeth and her government try to delal with the problem of vagrancy?
- Book of Orders 1586
- Poor Law Act 1597
- Poor Law Act 1601
Where and when did the Food Riots take place?
- Kent 1595
- Sussex, Somerset and Norfolk between 1595-8
When did the Apprenticeship Riots take place?
London in 1592, 1593 and 1595.
When was the Oxfordshire Rising?
November 1596. Caused by enclosure.
How serious was the Oxfordshire Rising?
- Limited threat as not many joined and the leaders lacked status.
- It did lead to the 1597 Tillage Act which reversed any enclosure since 1588.
When was the Battle of Yellow Ford?
1598
Who was responsible for the rebellion in Ireland?
Earl of Tyrone (Tyrone Rebellion)
Who did Elizabeth initially send to Ireland to deal with the Tyrone Rebellion?
Earl of Essex
How successful was Essex in dealing with the Tyrone Rebellion?
- Expensive - given 16,000 men.
- Essex made a secret deal with Tyrone.
- Elizabeth was furious.
How was the Tyrone Rebellion defeated?
- Lord Mountjoy sent to Ireland - much more successful.
- Tyrone surrendered in 1602.
What problems did Elizabeth’s court have in the final decade?
- Death of important advisers.
- Scandals in Court - Raleigh.
- Elizabeth’s age made her seem less effective by some.
Why did war with Spain develop?
- Religious differences.
- Tensions over the New World.
- Conflict over Mary Queen of Scots.
How did trade cause conflict between Spain and England?
- 3/4 of English trade was woollen cloth.
- This was largely traded through Antwerp.
*Antwerp was under Spanish control.
Who was in charge of defeating the Armada?
- Howard and Drake were in charge of the Navy.
- Hundson held London .
- Leicester was based in Tilbury where Elizabeth gave her speech.
How did England militarily prepare for the Armada?
- Militias were called up and beacons established. * The Navy had been developed and ships refitted.
What were the immediate consequences of the Spanish Armada?
- Leicester died.
- Elizabeth refused to pay her sailors and soldiers.
- Claimed that God had saved England.
How much did the war with Spain cost England?
£4.5 million
What political factions developed after 1588?
There was conflict between Essex and Robert Cecil.
Who eventually succeeded Elizabeth?
James VI (but he was not formally acknowledged by Elizabeth).
How did conflict in France end?
Henri IV converted to Catholicism in 1593. Elizabeth no longer needed to support him but he remained an ally.
How did conflict in the Netherlands end?
Nassau was able to unite his country in opposition to the Spanish. This enabled Elizabeth to reduce support by 1596.
What happened to the price of wheat by 1596?
The price of wheat doubled.
What happened to the death rate between 1595 and 1597?
The death rate doubled.
Which MP ended up in the Tower of London after challenging Elizabeth?
Peter Wentworth. Died in the Tower of London in 1593.
How many Parliaments did Elizabeth call after 1588?
Four
Where did Essex have military success?
- Lisbon 1589
- Cadiz 1596
