Elizabeth I - The 9 Years' War of Independence Flashcards
What created personal enmity between Banegal and Tyrone?
Tyrone eloped with Banegal’s sister after he refused to allow them to marry
What happened to Hugh O’Donnell in the 1590s?
he was kidnapped and imprisoned by English to make his father concede to English rule
he escaped and began plotting against the English
What happened in May 1593?
Hugh Maguire launched attack on English officials, Tyrone ordered by Russell to arrest him but refused
Maguire attacked English base in Ulster and Tyrone forced to help Banegal arrest him in Oct 1593
didn’t think Banegal acknowledged his help and wanted overall charge of Ulster to accept English rule
What happened in 1594?
O’Donnell and Maguire beseiged Enniskillen castle
Maguire and Tyrone’s brother ambushed English relief force, killing 56 English soldiers
Tyrone promised Russell he would restore peace
When did the Spanish send Armadas which failed?
Oct 1596 - dispersed by storms, Oct 1597
When did Tyrone’s brother burn Blackwater Fort?
16th Feb 1595
When did Tyrone join the rebellion?
May 1595
What happened at Clontibret and when?
13th June 1595. Sir Henry Banegal’s forces were defeated
What agreement was reached in March 1596? What happened later that year?
Tyrone would accept English sovereignty, English would remove garrisons, Tyrone was pardoned
He claimed the right to grant lordships in other Irish regions
Who did the English replace Banegal and Russell with in 1597? What did he do and what happened to him?
Lord Burgh - experienced soldier and administrator
Established garrison at Blackwater
Oct - died
Tyrone agreed to a truce in December 1597. When did it end and how?
June 1598- Tyrone beseiged Blackwater
What happened on 14th August 1598?
Banegal’s forced defeated at Yellow Ford by Tyrone. Major military engagement - embarrassing
When did the first province apart from Ulster rise up?
October 1598. Munster
What did the Earl of Essex do from when he was appointed Lord Lieuntenant of Ireland in 1599?
Campaigned in Ireland but didn’t have the right equipment e.g. gun carriages
split up his army and campaigned in Munster which exhausted his troops
By Apr 1599 he had 4,000 of 17,200 men he was sent with
7th Sep - agreed a truce w/Tyrone
24th Sep - hurriedly left Ireland after securing a deal w/Tyrone
What happened in Connaught in August 1599?
Sir Conyers Clifford killed at Curlew Pass as he attempted to relieve O’Connor at Collooney Castle
What events weakened the Irish in 1600?
Feb - Lord Mountjoy replaced Essex with 13,200 men in his army
March - Hugh Maguire killed in skirmish, George Carew suppressed control in Munster
Surrounded Tyrone with his force and another English force of 4,000 in Northern Ulster
What success did Tyrone have in September 1600?
Resisted English attack at Moyry pass, 375 casualties
What happened in the Battle of Kinsale (1601)?
Highly trained Spanish troops arrived w/seige guns but after Munster was mostly suppressed + Tyrone trapped in Ulster
Oct 1601 - Mountjoy beseiged Kinsale w/7,000 men
21st Dec - Tyrone arrived w/6,500 men = Mountjoy trapped and now only had 6,600 men
24th Dec - Mountjoy pre-empted Irish/Spanish attack and surprise attacked the Irish, the Spanish didn’t help as they were waiting at a meeting point the Irish never reached
Tyrone retreated to Ulster
What happened during the Seige of Dunboy (June 1602)?
helped by Constable pointing out a flaw in Carew’s plan which he fixed
16th June - English finished defences and opened fire, broke down castle walls and injured constable
Launched assault trapping Irish in castle vaults
Carew ordered cannon to bury them in rubble
Rebels surrended but he still tried to blow them up
Destroyed Dunboy as it was a well situated fortress
How did Carew repress Munster after Dunboy?
executed 58 rebels in local market, no one survived
last Irish resistance in Munster
How did the rebellion ‘end’?
Mountjoy pursued Tyrone into Ulster w/3,000 men, he hid in the woods
his followers submitted and Eliz allowed Mountjoy to negotiate in 1603
30th Mar, 1603 - Tyrone submitted –> pardoned, recognised as Chief Lord of Ulster under English
How well equipped was Tyrone?
1595 - 1,000 cavalry, 4,00 musketmen, 1,000 pikemen
Support from irish chieftains
bolstered by well-trained Irishmen who deserted British army
How much did the war cost the English government?
Crown income of £300,000 pa
garrisons in Ireland £60,000 pa
1597 - Eliz had spend £300,000 on Ulster financed by Parliament and tax
1594-1602 - 30,500 soldiers sent in groups of 1,000-6,500, mostly untrained and undisciplined
cost about £2 mil total HUGE
What controversial tactics did Mountjoy use to secure the victory?
continued the attack in winter when they were most vulnerable - not usually done
continued during sewing time so they couldn’t plant & during harvest, also cut/burnt down crops before ripe
