Elizabeth Flashcards
Who was Elizabeth’s father?
Henry Viii
Who was Elizabeth’s younger brother?
Edward iV
When did Mary die and Elizabeth inherit the throne?
1558
Who was Elizabeth’s mother?
Anne Boleyn
What happened to Anne Boleyn?
She was beheaded and her marriage with Henry viii was annulled.
Why were people worried about Elizabeth’s reign?
People were worried that a female monarch could not lead their armies and that she would only do what other men would want her to do.
How much debt did Elizabeth inherit in 1558?
£300,000
What did she do to combat the £300,000 in debt?
Raised taxes.
When was the religious settlement/ “middle way”?
1559
What did the Pope say about a potential assassination of Elizabeth?
In 1580, the Pope said that if someone assassinated her then it would not be a sin.
When did Phillip plan to invade England?
1580
Fine for recusancy.
1581: fine increased by 10,000% to £20
When did Elizabeth introduce the death penalty for anyone sheltering a priest?
1585
When was the law made about banning catholics from travelling 5 miles away from their homes?
1593
In 1588, how many catholics were there?
3 million.
In 1601, how many catholics were there?
40,000
When did someone try to assassinate king James I?
1605 in the gunpowder plot.
What was the royal court?
Group of nobles and privy councillors who surrounded the Queen.
Who was the privy council led by?
Elizabeth’s chief advisor, the Secretary of State.
When was Elizabeth manipulated into executing Mary Queen Of Scots?
1587, by William Cecil.
When was William Cecil classed as too old to lead the privy council, creating rivalries with his son and Robert Devereux (The Earl of Essex)
By the 1590s.
When did the earl of Essex draw his sword in an argument with Elizabeth?
1598
When did Robert Devereux lead a military expedition in Ireland?
1599.
When did Robert Devereux abandon his soldiers in Ireland and force his way into Elizabeth’s bedchamber?
1600.
When did Robert Devereux plot an armed rebellion to remove Elizabeth and make James Of Scotland King?
1601.
How many JPs were there in each county?
About 40 in each county.
How many times did parliament meet overall?
Met only 13 times in 45 years!
When did Elizabeth imprison Peter Wentworth In the Tower of London after he demanded her to name a Protestant heir.
1593.
Who had their hand chopped off for criticising her supposed proposal to the Catholic Duke of Anjou.
John Stubbs, 1579.
When did jesuits begin to arrive in England?
Around The 1580s.
Who was the Jesuit leader?
Edmund Campion.
Who was the privy councillor that developed the spy network.
Francis Walsingham.
When was Campion captured by Walsingham’s agents and hanged, drawn and quartered.
1581.
Thockmorton Plot
1583
Babington plot
1586
Execution of Mary queen of Scots
1587
How did gentry make their money?
Earned money from renting out the lands.
Why were families usually quite small?
Infant mortality was high.
At what age did gentry pay for their sons to go to school
Age of 7 forward
Poverty rates in the 1580s.
Around 30% of the population lives in poverty.
Population increase during Elizabethan reign.
2.4 million—> 4.1 million
Inflation impact on wheat prices.
Increased by 250% in price due to inflation.
Failed harvests.
1595,1596,1597.
When was the poor law introduced?
1601.
What did the poor law do?
1601: treated poor people with more compassion, the system remained in place for over 200 years.
What were the two categories that poor people were put into due to the poor law?
- The deserving poor
- Undeserving poor
What were the undeserving poor?
People who wanted to work but couldn’t. (Elderly, children, disabled people)
Who were the deserving poor?
People who could work but didn’t. (Lazy, criminals.)
What was the Elizabethan period called to make it seem better than it was.
Myth of “Merry England” when this was untrue.
What was bear baiting?
Spectators bet on dogs attacking a tied up bear.
How long did Christmas last?
Twelve days.
What did people do on May Day?
People danced around maypoles and watched plays.
What is an ale house?
A pub.
Why did puritans attack popular pastimes?
To:
Protect the sabbath.
Stop pagan practices.
Prevent violent disorder.
Preventing sex outside of marriage.
Law against witchcraft.
1563 law against witchcraft.
Penalty of witches.
• Death by hanging
• Prison for damage to property
How many people who commuted witchcraft were women?
90%
Who ruled Algonquian?
Wingina, chief of the Algonquian village called Secotan.
What did the Algonquian people believe?
The Algonquian did not believe in individual gods, but instead that of a great spirit inhabited the entire universe.
Roanoke.
First British colony in America, but it failed.
What motivated Walter Raleigh to establish Roanoke?
•Wealth: Gold and silver
•Elizabeth: patronage from her
•Spain: challenge catholic Spain
•royal support: Elizabeth gave permission to take land in North America
What motivated journeys to the east?
•Wealth: demand for luxury goods
•Elizabeth wrote letters to the east
When did boats return to Roanoke with supplies?
1590, to see that the colony was deserted.
When was Ralph Fitch’s first expedition?
1580s.
When did the Dutch return with tons of spices?
1599.
The east India company.
1600, group of merchants set up a company to trade with India.
The first voyage to India.
1602, east India company set up a factory on the island of Java
When did the east India company become the most powerful company in the world?
By 1800
How many people did Akbar the great expand his empire to?
16th century: 100 million people.
